Aquaculture Farming Aquatic Animals And Plants 3Rd Edition by John S. Lucas , JOHN WILEY

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JOHN WILEY Aquaculture Farming Aquatic Animals And Plants 3Rd Edition by John S. Lucas

A clear illustration of the important role of aquaculture in supporting food security, livelihoods, and economic development around the world_x000D__x000D__x000D_This new edition of Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants covers important aspects of the culture of fish, shellfish, and algae in freshwater and marine environments. Subject areas covered include principles of aquaculture, water quality, environmental impacts of aquaculture, desert aquaculture, reproduction, life cycles and growth, genetics and stock improvement, nutrition and feed production, diseases, vaccination, post-harvest technology, economics and marketing, and future developments of aquaculture. Separate chapters also cover the culture of algae, carps, salmonids, tilapias, catfish, marine and brackish fishes, soft-shelled turtles, barramundi, marine shrimp, mitten crabs, and other decapod crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, and ornamental species. This edition also provides greater coverage of aquaculture in China, reflecting the country's importance in the global scene. _x000D__x000D__x000D_Providing core scientific and commercially useful information, and written by 35 eminent international authors, this expanded and fully updated Third Edition of Aquaculture is essential reading for all students and professionals studying and working in aquaculture. Fish farmers, hatchery managers, and those in aquaculture support and supply industries, such as feed manufacturing, will find an abundance of commercially useful information within this important and now established book._x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D_Describes the multitude of developments that have occurred within the aquaculture field over the last 15 years_x000D__x000D_Includes a major revision of production statistics and trends, discussion of technical developments, and revised and extended coverage provided by broader international authorship_x000D__x000D_Brings together 35 internationally recognized contributors, including a number of new contributors_x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D_Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants, Third Edition is a recommended text for students of the subject and a concise reference for those working in or entering into the industry._x000D_ _x000D_ List of Contributors xiii_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ Preface to the Third Edition xv_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ Preface to the Second Edition xvii_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ Preface to the First Edition xix_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ Acknowledgments xxi_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1 Introduction 1_x000D_ John S. Lucas_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.1 What is and What isn't Aquaculture? 1_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.2 Origins of Aquaculture and Agriculture 2_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.3 Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries Production 4_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.4 The Efficiency of Aquaculture for Food Production 7_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.5 Has There Been a 'Blue' Revolution? 9_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.6 The Big Producers 10_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.7 China 12_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.8 Issues for Developed Countries 13_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.9 An Allegory 14_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.10 Diversity of Aquaculture 15_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.11 Fishery Stock Enhancement and Restoration 15_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 1.12 Summary 16_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 17_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2 Principles of Aquaculture 19_x000D_ Paul C. Southgate and John S. Lucas_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.1 Introduction 19_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.2 Intensity of Aquaculture 19_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.3 Polyculture 23_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.4 Integrated Agri?Aquaculture Systems 24_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.5 Static, Open, Semi?Closed and Recirculating (Closed) Systems 25_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.6 Selecting a New Species for Farming 28_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.7 Developing a New Farm or a New Farmed Species 31_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.8 Case Studies 33_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 2.9 Summary 38_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 39_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3 Aquaculture Systems Design 41_x000D_ Igor Pirozzi, Paul C. Southgate and John S. Lucas_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3.1 Introduction 41_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3.2 Site Selection and Development 41_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3.3 Aquaculture Systems 43_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3.4 Plumbing and Pumps 55_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3.5 Hatchery Systems 59_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 3.6 Summary 61_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 61_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4 Water Quality 63_x000D_ Claude E. Boyd and Craig S. Tucker_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4.1 Introduction 63_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4.2 Water Quality Variables 63_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4.3 Effects of Water Quality on Aquatic Animals 73_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4.4 Pond Water?Quality Management 78_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4.5 Effluents 89_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 4.6 Summary 91_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 92_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5 Resource Use and the Environment 93_x000D_ Claude E. Boyd, Aaron A. McNevin and Craig S. Tucker_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.1 Introduction 93_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.2 An Overview of Resource Use and Environmental Issues 94_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.3 Land Use 97_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.4 Water Use 99_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.5 Energy Use 101_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.6 Feed?Fish Use 102_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.7 Chemicals 105_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.8 Water Pollution 107_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.9 Best Management Practices 109_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.10 Environmental Advocacy in Aquaculture 111_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 5.11 Summary 112_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 112_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 6 Reproduction, Life Cycles and Growth 113_x000D_ John S. Lucas and Paul C. Southgate_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 6.1 Introduction 113_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 6.2 Reproductive Physiology 113_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 6.3 Life Cycles 116_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 6.4 Growth 120_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 6.5 Summary 124_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 125_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7 Genetics 127_x000D_ Rex Dunham_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.1 Introduction 127_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.2 Basic Genetics 128_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.3 Epigenetics 130_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.4 Domestication and Strain Evaluation 130_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.5 Selection 131_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.6 Inbreeding and Maintenance of Genetic Quality 136_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.7 Crossbreeding and Hybridisation 136_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.8 Chromosomal Techniques 140_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.9 Xenogenesis 146_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.10 Genetic Engineering 146_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.11 Gene Editing 151_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.12 Combining Genetic Enhancement Programs 152_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.13 Genotype? environment Interactions 152_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.14 Future Developments 153_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 7.15 Summary 154_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 154_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8 Nutrition and Feeds 157_x000D_ Lou D'Abramo_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.1 Introduction 157_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.2 Energy Consumption and Partitioning (Bioenergetics) 158_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.3 The Relationship between Growth and Food Consumption 159_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.4 Requirements and Metabolic Functions of Nutrients 160_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.5 Digestion and Assimilation of Food 170_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.6 Formulation, Manufacture and Digestibility of Feeds 171_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.7 Nutrition Management Strategies 178_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.8 Feed Management 180_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.9 Emerging Research Areas 181_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 8.10 Summary 181_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 182_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9 Hatchery and Larval Foods 183_x000D_ Paul C. Southgate_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.1 Introduction 183_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.2 Foods for Hatchery Culture Systems 183_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.3 Feeding Strategy for Larval Culture 196_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.4 Compound Hatchery Feeds 196_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.5 Development of Microdiets for Fish Larvae 197_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.6 Harvesting Natural Plankton 199_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.7 Pond Fertilisation as a Food Source for Aquaculture 199_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 9.8 Summary 200_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 201_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10 Disease Principles 203_x000D_ Leigh Owens_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10.1 Introduction to Disease 203_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10.2 General Principles of Infectious Diseases in Aquaculture 203_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10.3 The Philosophy of Disease Control 205_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10.4 Generalised Disease Management Techniques 206_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10.5 Major Diseases 208_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 10.6 Summary 216_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 216_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11 Pathogens and Parasites 217_x000D_ Kate S. Hutson and Kenneth D. Cain_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.1 Introduction 217_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.2 Viruses 218_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.3 Bacteria 222_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.4 Fungi 229_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.5 Protozoans 230_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.6 Myxozoans 234_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.7 Platyhelminths 235_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.8 Nematodes 239_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.9 Acanthocephalans 240_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.10 Leeches 240_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.11 Crustaceans 241_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.12 Fishborne Zoonotic Agents and Aquaculture 244_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.13 Aquaponics 245_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 11.14 Summary 246_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 246_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12 Prevention of Disease by Vaccination 249_x000D_ Andrew Barnes_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.1 Introduction 249_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.2 A Beginner's Guide to Fish Immunology 250_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.3 Vaccinating Fishes 260_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.4 Types of Vaccine 260_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.5 Routes of Delivery 263_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.6 Adjuvants 266_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.7 Vaccination in Practice 266_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.8 Research and Development Track for Commercial Fish Vaccines 267_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.9 Future Trends: Vaccination in the Age of Genomics 269_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.10 Conclusions 269_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 12.11 Summary 270_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 270_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13 Post?harvest Technology and Processing 273_x000D_ Allan Bremner_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.1 Introduction 273_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.2 Basic Characteristics 274_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.3 Safety and Health 274_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.4 Nutritional Aspects 275_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.5 The Balance between Safety and Nutrition 276_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.6 Aquaculture and Fisheries Products 276_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.7 Harvesting 276_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.8 Live Transport 276_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.9 Muscle Structure: Rigor and Texture 278_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.10 Stunning and Post?Mortem Processing 280_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.11 Effects of Feed on the Product 283_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.12 Specialised Niche Market Products 284_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.13 Flavours and Taints 284_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.14 Texture 285_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.15 Concepts: Quality, Freshness, Shelf Life and Quality Index 285_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.16 Microbiology, Specific Spoilage Organism (SSO) and Other Spoilage Processes 287_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.17 Freezing and Frozen Storage 288_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.18 Packaging 290_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.19 Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Haccp and Risk Assessment 293_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.20 Traceability, Identification and Origin 294_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.21 Canning 295_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.22 Smoking 295_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 13.23 Summary 296_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 296_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14 Economics 299_x000D_ Clem Tisdell_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.1 Introduction 299_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.2 Profitability from a Business Viewpoint (Farm Models) 300_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.3 Markets and Marketing 302_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.4 Economies of Scale and Similar Factors 306Contents ix_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.5 Allowing for and Coping with Business Risk and Uncertainty 308_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.6 Economic Assessment from a Social Standpoint 310_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 14.7 Summary 312_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 312_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 15 Seaweed and Microalgae 313_x000D_ Seaweed: Nicholas A. Paul and Microalgae: Michael Borowitzka_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 15.1 General Introduction 313_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 15.2 Seaweeds 313_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 15.3 Microalgae 327_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 15.4 Summary 335_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 336_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16 Carps 339_x000D_ Sena De Silva and Qidong Wang_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.1 Introduction 339_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.2 Biology of the Important Carps in Aquaculture 341_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.3 Artificial Propagation 350_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.4 Nutrition 352_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.5 Culture Practices 353_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.6 Diseases 358_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.7 Genetic Improvement 358_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.8 Culture?Based Fisheries 359_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.9 Conclusions 360_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 16.10 Summary 360_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 361_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17 Salmonids 363_x000D_ John Purser_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.1 Introduction 363_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.2 Biology 364_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.3 Freshwater Farming 367_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.4 Marine Farming 376_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.5 Feeds 381_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.6 Grading and Stocking Densities 383_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.7 Maturation, Sex Reversal and Triploidy 384_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.8 Fish Health 386_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.9 Harvesting and Products 387_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.10 Environmental Issues 387_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 17.11 Summary 388_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 388_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18 Tilapias 391_x000D_ Victor Suresh and Ram C. Bhujel_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.1 Introduction 391_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.2 Family, Species and Genetic Variation 393_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.3 Ecology and Distribution 395_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.4 Sex Determination and Reproduction 396_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.5 Control of Reproduction 397_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.6 Seed Production 399_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.7 Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding 401_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.8 Grow? Out Systems 405_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.9 Disease Management 410_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.10 Harvest, Processing and Marketing 412_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 18.11 Summary 413_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 414_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 19 Catfishes 415_x000D_ Craig S. Tucker, Aaron A. McNevin, Les Torrans and Brian Bosworth_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 19.1 Introduction 415_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 19.2 Pangasiid Catfishes 415_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 19.3 Ictalurid Catfishes 421_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 19.4 Clariid Catfishes 431_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 19.5 Summary 433_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 434_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20 Marine Finfish Aquaculture 437_x000D_ Wade O. Watanabe, Md Shah Alam, Patrick M. Carroll, Harry V. Daniels and Jeffrey M. Hinshaw_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.1 Introduction 437_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.2 Importance of Marine Fish Aquaculture 437_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.3 Hatcheries 440_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.4 Grow? out Systems 444_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.5 Nutrition and Feeds 448_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.6 Marine Fishes in Aquaculture 449_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.7 Milkfish 449_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.8 European Seabass 454_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.9 Gilthead Sea Bream 456_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.10 Yellowtail Amberjack 459_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.11 Red Sea Bream 462_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.12 Cobia 465_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.13 Flatfishes 468_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.14 Sturgeon 477_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 20.15 Summary 481_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 482_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21 Soft?shelled Turtles 483_x000D_ Qingjun Shao and John S. Lucas_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.1 Introduction 483_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.2 Biology 483_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.3 Aquaculture Development 485_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.4 Culture Facilities 486_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.5 Culture Stages 488_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.6 Water Quality 490_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.7 Nutrition, Feeding and Feed Formulation 491_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.8 Infectious Diseases 493_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.9 Harvesting and Processing 494_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.10 The Future of Soft?Shelled Turtle Farming 495_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 21.11 Summary 496_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 496_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22 Shrimps 499_x000D_ Darryl Jory_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.1 Introduction 499_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.2 Cultured Species 502_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.3 Grow?Out Systems 503_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.4 Preparation of Ponds 506_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.5 Reproduction and Maturation 508_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.6 Hatchery Design and Larval Culture 510_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.7 Seedstock Quality and Stocking 512_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.8 Production Management and Harvest 513_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.9 Nutrition, Formulated Diets and Feed Management 518_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.10 Emerging Production Technologies and Issues 521_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.11 Responsible Shrimp Farming and the Challenge of Sustainability 524_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 22.12 Summary 524_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 525_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23 Freshwater Decapod Crustaceans 527_x000D_ Chaoshu Zeng, John S. Lucas and Paul C. Southgate_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23.1 Introduction 527_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23.2 Farmed Species 529_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23.3 The Chinese Mitten Crab 530_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23.4 Freshwater Crayfish 536_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23.5 Freshwater Prawns 543_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 23.6 Summary 547_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 548_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24 Bivalve Molluscs 549_x000D_ John S. Lucas_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.1 Introduction 549_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.2 Aspects of Biology 550_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.3 Farmed Bivalves 552_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.4 Phases of Bivalve Aquaculture 555_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.5 Farming Problems 560_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.6 Introductions and Other Environmental Issues 564_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.7 Industry Reviews 565_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.8 The Future of Bivalve Aquaculture 570_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 24.9 Summary 570_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 571_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25 Abalone 573_x000D_ Peter Cook_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.1 Introduction 573_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.2 Production from Fisheries and Farms 573_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.3 Biology 576_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.4 Culture Techniques 577_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.5 Postlarvae and Juveniles 580_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.6 Grow?Out Systems 580_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.7 Diseases and Parasites 583_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.8 The World Abalone Market 584_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 25.9 Summary 584_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 585_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26 Aquaculture in the Aquarium Industry 587_x000D_ Thane A. Militz_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.1 Introduction 587_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.2 The Aquarium Industry 587_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.3 The Need for Aquaculture in the Aquarium Industry 589_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.4 Aquaculture of Tropical Freshwater Organisms 593_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.5 Aquaculture of Tropical Marine Organisms 601_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.6 Sustainable Development 612_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.7 The Future of Aquaculture in the Aquarium Industry 614_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 26.8 Summary 614_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 615_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 27 The Future of Aquaculture 617_x000D_ John Hargreaves, Randall Brummett and Craig S. Tucker_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 27.1 Introduction 617_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 27.2 Drivers of Future Demand and Supply 619_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 27.3 Responding to the Challenges of the Future 625_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ 27.4 Summary 635_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ References 636_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_ Index 637_x000D_ show more