Description
Springer Basic Principles of Knee Arthroscopy Normal and Pathological Findings Tips and Tricks 1st Editon 2012 Softbound by Michael Strobel, Jürgen Eichhorn, Wilfried Schießler
No one suspected in the mid-1970s that endo time mastering video arthroscopy. The older generation must overcome the problems of scopic visualization of the joints would devel op so swiftly into the class of operative proce working abstractly 'off the screen' without dures known as arthroscopic surgery. In the looking directly at the joint itself. German-speaking countries arthroscopy was Particular difficulties are encountered by limited in the 1970s to a few operators who colleagues who are faced with the need to underwent a 'natural' learning process in perform arthroscopic surgery but are not fa volving arthroscopic inspection, confirmation miliar with diagnostic arthroscopy. Unlike by arthrotomy, and use of the arthroscope to their predecessors, they can no longer follow verify clinical diagnoses. Video technology the natural process of 'learning by doing.' was not available, so an assistant wanting to They cannot contemplate the joint pathology view the joint interior had to peer through an displayed on the monitor and then check their accessory eyepiece. arthroscopic findings in an open arthrotomy. 1 Historical Background.- 1.1 Early Instruments for Endoscopic Examinations.- 1.2 Eugen Bircher.- 1.3 Kenji Takagi.- 1.4 Development of Diagnostic Arthroscopy.- 1.5 Development of Arthroscopic Surgery.- 1.6 Outlook.- 2 Indications for Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint.- 2.1 Diagnostic Indications.- 2.2 Therapeutic Indications.- 2.3 Contraindications to Arthroscopy.- 3 Equipment.- 3.1 Arthroscope.- 3.2 Lighting System.- 3.3 Video System.- 3.4 Arthroscopic Media.- 3.5 Irrigation System.- 3.6 Probing Hook.- 4 Preparation of the Patient and Equipment.- 4.1 Anesthesia.- 4.2 Positioning.- 4.3 Bloodless Field.- 4.4 Draping.- 4.5 Equipment Preparation and Layout.- 4.6 Facilities.- 4.7 Care and Maintenance or Arthroscopic Instruments.- 4.8 Basic Equipment Requirements.- 5 Preoperative Examination under Anesthesia.- 6 Portals.- 6.1 Arthroscope Portal.- 6.2 Instrument Portals.- 7 Basic Principles of Arthroscopy.- 7.1 Movements of the Arthroscope.- 7.2 Position of the Light Post.- 7.3 Movements of the Knee.- 7.4 Direct Manual Maneuvers.- 7.5 Orientation.- 7.6 Principle of Triangulation.- 7.7 Rendezvous Technique.- 8 Examination Procedure - Normal and Pathologic Findings.- 8.1 Retropatellar Space.- 8.2 Suprapatellar Pouch.- 8.3 Lateral Recess.- 8.4 Femoropatellar Joint.- 8.5 Anteromedial Capsule.- 8.6 Medial Compartment.- 8.7 Intercondylar Area.- 8.8 Moving the Leg to the Figure-4 Position.- 8.9 Lateral Compartment.- 8.10 Summary.- 8.11 Completing the Examination.- 9 The Articular Cartilage - Normal and Pathologic Findings.- 9.1 Normal Findings.- 9.2 Chondromalacia.- 9.3 Degenerative Changes.- 9.4 Traumatic Cartilage Lesions.- 9.5 Osteochondritis Dissecans.- 10 The Synovium - Normal and Pathologic Findings.- 10.1 Normal Findings.- 10.2 Posttraumatic Synovial Changes.- 10.3 Synovial Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 10.4 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS).- 10.5 Gout and Chondrocalcinosis.- 10.6 Synovitis Secondary to Psoriasis.- 10.7 Postarthrotomy Changes and Reactions to Implants.- 10.8 Synovial Chondromatosis.- 11 Problems in Arthroscopy.- 11.1 Poor-Quality Monitor Image.- 11.2 Inadequate Joint Distention.- 11.3 Yellow-Out.- 11.4 Red-Out.- 11.5 No Picture.- 11.6 Extravasation of Irrigating Fluid.- 11.7 Inadequate Visualization of the Joint Compartments.- 11.8 Visualization of the Posterior Horn of the Medial Meniscus.- 12 Complications.- 12.1 Articular Cartilage Damage.- 12.2 Carrying Particles of the Incise Drape into the Joint.- 12.3 Instrument Breakage.- 12.4 Nerve Injuries.- 12.5 Vascular Injuries.- 12.6 Ligament and Bone Injuries.- 12.7 Infection.- 12.8 Compartment Syndrome.- 12.9 Hemarthrosis and Postoperative Effusion.- 12.10 Thromboembolitic Complications.- 12.11 Synovial Fistula, Synovial Hernia.- 12.12 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy.- 12.13 Skin Complications.- 12.14 Lost Tissue Fragments.- 12.15 Special Complications of Gas Arthroscopy.- 12.16 Arthroscopy of the “Wrong” Knee.- 12.17 Other Rare Complications.- 12.18 Late Complications.- 13 Patient Information.- 13.1 Selecting Patients for Arthroscopy.- 13.2 Preoperative Patient Conduct.- 13.3 Preoperative Interview.- 13.4 Postoperative Consultation.- 14 Documentation.- 14.1 Written Documentation.- 14.2 Photographic and Video Documentation.- 15 Training in Arthroscopy.- 15.1 Attending an Arthroscopic Course or Workshop.- 15.2 Practice on a Knee Model.- 15.3 Visiting an Experienced Arthroscopist.- 16 Spectrum of Arthroscopic Surgery.- 16.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Arthroscopic Surgery.- 16.2 Arthroscopic Surgical Instruments.- 16.3 Arthroscopic Surgery.- References.