Description
John Wiley Chest X Rays For Medical Students Cxrs Made Easy 2nd Edition 2020 by Christopher Clarke, Anthony Dux
Chest X-rays for Medical Students offers a fresh analytical approach to identifying chest abnormalities, helping medical students, junior doctors, and nurses understand the underlying physics and basic anatomical and pathological details of X-ray images of the chest. The authors provide a memorable framework for analysing and presenting chest radiographs, with each radiograph appearing twice in a side-by-side comparison, one as seen in a clinical setting and the second highlighting the pathology. This new second edition includes significant revisions, improved annotations of X-rays, expanded pathologies, and numerous additional high-quality images. A comprehensive one-stop guide to learning chest radiograph interpretation, this book:Aligns with the latest Royal College of Radiologists' Undergraduate Radiology CurriculumOffers guidance on how to formulate normal findingsFeatures self-assessment tests, presentation exercises, and varied examplesIncludes sections on radiograph quality X-ray hazards and precautions Chest X-rays for Medical Students is an ideal study guide and clinical reference for any medical student, junior doctor, nurse or radiographer. Preface to the 2nd Edition ixAcknowledgements xiLearning objectives checklist xiiiAbout the companion website xvPart I Introduction to X-rays 11 Introduction to X-rays 3What are X-rays? 3How are X-rays produced? 3How do X-rays make an image? 4The five densities on an X-ray 4How are X-ray images (radiographs) stored? 4Hazards and precautions 52 Chest X-ray views 7PA erect chest X-ray 7Other views 83 Radiograph quality 9Inclusion 9Rotation 10Inspiration 114 Normal anatomy on a PA chest X-ray 13Right and left 13Lung zones 14The mediastinum 14Normal pulmonary vasculature 15General anatomy 16Bronchial and lobar anatomy: Figure 4.8 175 Presenting a chest radiograph 19Example of presenting a normal chest X-ray 19Part II The ABCDE of chest X-rays 216 A - Airway 23How to review the airway 23What to look for 24Tracheal deviation 24Carinal angle 257 B - Breathing 27How to review the lungs 27What to look for 28Consolidation/airspace opacification 29Air bronchogram 31Collapse (atelectasis) overview 32Pneumonectomy 41Solitary mass lesion 44Multiple mass lesions 47Cavitating lung lesion 48Fibrosis 50Pneumothorax 53Tension pneumothorax 55Hydropneumothorax 56Pleural effusion 57Pulmonary oedema 60Septal lines 64Asbestos-related lung disease 658 C - Circulation 69How to review the heart and mediastinum 69What to look for 69Dextrocardia 69Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) 70Left atrial enlargement 71Widened mediastinum 72Hilar enlargement 76Hiatus hernia 789 D - Disability 79How to review the bones 79What to look for 80Fractures 80Sclerotic and lucent bone lesions 8110 E - Everything else (review areas) 83How to look at the review areas 83What to look for 83Gas under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum) 84Subcutaneous emphysema/surgical emphysema 86Mastectomy 87Medical and surgical objects (iatrogenic) 88Foreign bodies 99Part III Common conditions and their radiological signs 10111 Common conditions and their radiological signs 103Pulmonary embolism (PE) 103Primary lung malignancy 103Pneumonia 104Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 104Heart failure 105Tuberculosis 106Glossary 111Index 119