Description
ABC-CLIO Classic Experiments in Psychology 2004 Edition by Douglas Mook
The typical survey course in psychology has time for only limited presentation of the research on which our knowledge is based. As a result, many students come away with a limited understanding of the role of experiments in psychological science. Where do experiments come from and how are they conducted? What are the pitfalls and how can we avoid them? What advantages do they have over intuition, authority, and common sense as guides to knowing and acting? What distinguishes research-based psychology from psychobabble? What have we learned from experimentation in psychology?This book presents, in more depth than textbook treatment permits, the background, conduct, and implications of a selection of classic experiments in psychology. The selection is designed to be diverse, showing that even for research in vastly different areas of study, the logic of research remains the same-as do its traps and pitfalls. This book will broaden and deepen the understanding of experimental methods in psychological research, examining where the research questions come from, how questions can be turned into experiments, and how researchers have faced the problems presented by research in psychology. Table of contents : - Introductory About Experiments A Brief History of Experimental Psychology Psychobiology Herman von Helmholtz and the Nerve Impulse Paul Broca and the Speech Center Karl Lashley: Brain Mechanisms and Learning James Olds: Reward Systems in the Brain Vincent Dethier: Feeding in a Fly S. P. Grossman: Chemical Coding in the Brain Roger Sperry and the Bisected Brain Motivation and Emotion Neal Miller: Fear as a Learnable Drive Neal Miller: Conflict David McClelland on Achievement Motivation Harry Harlow: A Tale of Two Mothers Nikolaas Tinbergen: The Study of Instinct Teitelbaum and Epstein: Hunger, Thirst, and the Brain Schachter and Singer: Cognition and Emotion Herman and Polivy: Human Hunger and Cognition Walter Mischel and Self Control Learning Edward Thorndike and the Law of Effect Ivan Pavlov and Classical Conditioning Wolfgang Kohler and the Mentality of Apes Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps B. F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning John Garcia: Conditioned Taste Aversion Albert Bandura: Imitation and Social Learning Gordon Paul: Learning Theory in the Clinic Martin Seligman: Learned Helplessness Lepper et al.: The Costs of Reward Memory Hermann Ebbinghaus on Memory Frederic Bartlett: Meaning and Memory Brenda Milner and the Case of H. M. Lloyd and Margaret Peterson: Short-term Forgetting Elizabeth Loftus: Leading Questions and False Memories Gordon Bower on State-dependent Memory Collins and Quillian: The Structure of Semantic Memory Cognition F. C. Donders and Reaction Time The Cautionary Tale of Clever Hans A. S. Luchins: On Not Being Mindless George Miller on the Magic Number 7 Festinger and Carlsmith: Cognitive Dissonance Roger Shepard and Mental Rotation Richard Herrnstein: Concepts in Pigeons Tversky and Kahneman: The Framing of Decisions Perception Ernst Weber: The Muscle Sense and Weber's Law Gustav Fechner and the Measurement of Mind Max Wertheimer on Apparent Movement Selig Hecht and Adaptation to the Dark H. K. Hartline: Lateral Inhibition in the Retina Georg von Bekesy: The Mechanics of Hearing Jerome Bruner: Motivation and Perception Gibson and Walk: The Visual Cliff Lettvin et al.: What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain Social Psychology Theodore Newcomb: Attitude Change at College Muzafer Sherif: Prejudice and the Robbers' Cave Kurt Lewin: Tensions in the Life Space Solomon Asch on Conformity Festinger et al.: When Prophesy Fails Stanley Milgram on Obedience to Authority Latane and Darley: The Unresponsive Bystander Benjamin Franklin: Mesmer and Animal Magnetism