Counseling The Culturally Diverse Theory And Practice 9th Edition by SUE D.W., JOHN WILEY

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JOHN WILEY Counseling The Culturally Diverse Theory And Practice 9th Edition by SUE D.W.

The most up-to-date edition of a critically acclaimed and widely read cross-cultural counseling resource_x000D__x000D_In the newly revised Ninth Edition of Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice, a team of veteran practitioners delivers an up-to-date and comprehensive exploration of multicultural counseling combining the most recent research and theoretical concepts in the field. The book examines concepts like "cultural humility," the role of white allies in multicultural counseling, social justice counseling, "minority stress," and microaggressions._x000D__x000D_Readers will also find:_x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D_Expansive discussions on the implications of numerous subjects for real-world clinical practice_x000D_"Reflection and Discussion Questions" that encourage reader engagement, learning, and retention with the concepts discussed within_x000D_Access to an instructor's website that provides PowerPoint decks, exam questions, sample syllabi, and links to other valuable resources_x000D__x000D_Perfectly suited to researchers and practitioners who work in or study mental health and interact with a racially, ethnically, culturally, or socio-demographically diverse population, Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice also belongs in the libraries of social workers and psychiatrists._x000D__x000D_ Preface xix_x000D_ _x000D_ Section 1 The Multiple Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy_x000D_ _x000D_ Part 1 The Affective Conceptual and Practice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy_x000D_ _x000D_ 1 Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training: Obstacles to Developing Cultural Competence 5_x000D_ _x000D_ Expections for the Course 6_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 6_x000D_ _x000D_ Reactions to the Course 7_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 8_x000D_ _x000D_ Emotional Self-Revelations and Fears: Majority Group Members 8_x000D_ _x000D_ Emotional Invalidation Versus Affirmation: Marginalized Group Members 10_x000D_ _x000D_ A Word of Caution 12_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 13_x000D_ _x000D_ Recognizing and Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training 13_x000D_ _x000D_ Cognitive Resistance-Denial 14_x000D_ _x000D_ Emotional Resistance 14_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 15_x000D_ _x000D_ Behavioral Resistance 17_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Competence and Emotions 18_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 19_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 20_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 20_x000D_ _x000D_ References 20_x000D_ _x000D_ 2 Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) 23_x000D_ _x000D_ Race and Culture Matter 23_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 25_x000D_ _x000D_ Culture-Universal (ETIC) Versus Culture-Specific (EMIC) Formulations 25_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Concepts of Distress 25_x000D_ _x000D_ Acknowledging Group Differences 26_x000D_ _x000D_ Being Aware of Collectivistic Cultures 26_x000D_ _x000D_ Attuning to Cultural and Clinical Clues 26_x000D_ _x000D_ Balancing the Culture-Specific and Culture-Universal Orientations 27_x000D_ _x000D_ The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence 27_x000D_ _x000D_ The Harm of Cultural Insensitivity 27_x000D_ _x000D_ Good Counseling is Culturally Responsive Counseling 28_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 28_x000D_ _x000D_ Understanding The Three Dimensions of Identity 28_x000D_ _x000D_ Individual Level: "All Individuals Are in Some Respects Like No Other Individuals" 29_x000D_ _x000D_ Group Level: "All Individuals Are in Some Respects Like Some Other Individuals" 30_x000D_ _x000D_ Universal Level: "All Individuals Are in Some Respects Like All Other Individuals" 30_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 31_x000D_ _x000D_ Individual and Universal Biases in Psychology and Mental Health 31_x000D_ _x000D_ The Impact of Group Identities on Counseling and Psychotherapy 32_x000D_ _x000D_ What is Multicultural Counseling and Therapy? 32_x000D_ _x000D_ What is Cultural Competence? 33_x000D_ _x000D_ Box 2.1: Multicultural Counseling Competencies 34_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 35_x000D_ _x000D_ Social Justice and Cultural Competence 36_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 36_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 37_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 37_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 38_x000D_ _x000D_ References 38_x000D_ _x000D_ 3 Cultural Perspectives and Barriers: The Individual Interplay of Cultural Experiences 41_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 42_x000D_ _x000D_ Characteristics of Conventional Counseling 42_x000D_ _x000D_ Culture-Bound Values 44_x000D_ _x000D_ Focus on the Individual 44_x000D_ _x000D_ Verbal/Emotional/Behavioral Expressiveness 45_x000D_ _x000D_ Insight 45_x000D_ _x000D_ Self-Disclosure Openness and Intimacy 46_x000D_ _x000D_ Styles of Communication 47_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 48_x000D_ _x000D_ Scientific Empiricism 49_x000D_ _x000D_ Distinctions Between Mental and Physical Functioning 50_x000D_ _x000D_ Patterns of Cultural Assumptions and Multicultural Family Counseling/Therapy 50_x000D_ _x000D_ People-Nature Dimension 51_x000D_ _x000D_ Time Dimension 52_x000D_ _x000D_ Relational Dimension 53_x000D_ _x000D_ Activity Dimension 53_x000D_ _x000D_ Nature of People Dimension 54_x000D_ _x000D_ Language Barriers 55_x000D_ _x000D_ Class-Bound Values and Perspectives 56_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 56_x000D_ _x000D_ The Damaging Impact of Poverty 56_x000D_ _x000D_ Therapeutic Class Bias 57_x000D_ _x000D_ Overgeneralizing and Stereotyping 58_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 58_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 59_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 60_x000D_ _x000D_ References 60_x000D_ _x000D_ Part 2 Sociopolitical and Social Justice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy_x000D_ _x000D_ 4 Microaggressions: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy 67_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 67_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 68_x000D_ _x000D_ Contemporary Forms of Oppression: Racism Sexism & Heterosexism 70_x000D_ _x000D_ The Evolution of the "ISMS": Microaggressions 71_x000D_ _x000D_ Microassault 71_x000D_ _x000D_ Microinsult 71_x000D_ _x000D_ Microinvalidation 72_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 72_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 72_x000D_ _x000D_ The Dynamics and Dilemmas of Microaggressions 75_x000D_ _x000D_ Dilemma 1: The Clash of Sociodemographic Realities 75_x000D_ _x000D_ Dilemma 2: The Invisibility of Unintentional Expressions of Bias 76_x000D_ _x000D_ Dilemma 3: The Perceived Minimal Harm of Microaggressions 76_x000D_ _x000D_ Dilemma 4: The Catch-22 of Responding to Microaggressions 77_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 77_x000D_ _x000D_ Therapeutic Implications 77_x000D_ _x000D_ Microinterventions: The New Therapeutic Frontier 80_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 82_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 82_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 83_x000D_ _x000D_ References 83_x000D_ _x000D_ 5 Sociohistorical Privilege and Oppression: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy 86_x000D_ _x000D_ An Open Letter to Brothers and Sisters of Color 86_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 87_x000D_ _x000D_ Mental Health Practice and the Reproduction of Oppression 87_x000D_ _x000D_ Connecting the Dots Between Mental Health Practice and Social Justice: An Overview 89_x000D_ _x000D_ The Danger of a Single Story: Ethnocentric Monoculturalism 91_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 91_x000D_ _x000D_ Understanding Ethnocentric Monoculturalism 92_x000D_ _x000D_ Historical Manifestations of Ethnocentric Monoculturalism 94_x000D_ _x000D_ Ethnocentric Monoculturalism Sociohistorical Oppression and Mental Health 95_x000D_ _x000D_ Ethnocentric Monoculturalism and Foundational Psychotherapeutic Theory 96_x000D_ _x000D_ Definitions of Mental Health 96_x000D_ _x000D_ Connections to the Counseling and Mental Health Literature 98_x000D_ _x000D_ Pathology and Persons of Color 98_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 100_x000D_ _x000D_ Ethnocentric Monoculturalism and Mental Health Practice: Psychotherapy as a Racial-Cultural Microcosm 100_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 101_x000D_ _x000D_ MCT as a Social Justice Approach to Mental Health Practice 102_x000D_ _x000D_ Social Justice Advocacy and Cultural Humility 104_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 105_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 106_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 106_x000D_ _x000D_ References 107_x000D_ _x000D_ PART 3 Racial Ethnic Cultural (REC) Attitudes in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy_x000D_ _x000D_ 6 Racial Ethnic Cultural (REC) Identity Attitudes in People of Color: Counseling Implications 113_x000D_ _x000D_ Case Study: Alejandro: Afro-Puerto 113_x000D_ _x000D_ Racial Awakening 114_x000D_ _x000D_ Just American to Puerto Rican/Afro-Latino 114_x000D_ _x000D_ Denial Breakdown 114_x000D_ _x000D_ The Internal Struggle for Identity 114_x000D_ _x000D_ Locus of the Problem 115_x000D_ _x000D_ REC Identity Attitude Models 115_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 115_x000D_ _x000D_ William E. Cross' Nigrescence Model: Foundational Theory 115_x000D_ _x000D_ A General Model of Rec Identity 117_x000D_ _x000D_ Conformity Status 118_x000D_ _x000D_ Dissonance Status 119_x000D_ _x000D_ Resistance and Immersion Status 120_x000D_ _x000D_ Introspection Status 121_x000D_ _x000D_ Integrative Awareness Status 123_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling Implications of the R/CID Model 123_x000D_ _x000D_ Conformity Status 124_x000D_ _x000D_ Dissonance Status 125_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 125_x000D_ _x000D_ Resistance and Immersion Status 125_x000D_ _x000D_ Introspection Status 126_x000D_ _x000D_ Integrative Awareness Status 126_x000D_ _x000D_ Value of a General Rec Identity Framework 126_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 127_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 127_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 128_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 128_x000D_ _x000D_ References 128_x000D_ _x000D_ 7 White Racial Consciousness: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy 130_x000D_ _x000D_ Whiteness and Multicultural Counseling 130_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 131_x000D_ _x000D_ Steps Toward an Understanding of Whiteness and White Identity 132_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know 133_x000D_ _x000D_ Models of White Racial Identity Development 135_x000D_ _x000D_ The Hardiman White Racial Identity Development Model 135_x000D_ _x000D_ The Helms White Racial Identity Development Model 136_x000D_ _x000D_ A Descriptive Model of White Identity: Seven Positions 137_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 139_x000D_ _x000D_ An Antiracist White Identity 141_x000D_ _x000D_ White Antiracist Identifications 142_x000D_ _x000D_ Principles of Prejudice Reduction 143_x000D_ _x000D_ Principle 1: Learn About People of Color From Sources Within the Group 143_x000D_ _x000D_ Principle 2: Learn From the Examples of Healthy and Strong People of the Culture 144_x000D_ _x000D_ Principle 3: Learn From Experiential Reality 144_x000D_ _x000D_ Principle 4: Learn From Constant Vigilance of Your Biases and Fears 144_x000D_ _x000D_ Principle 5: Learn From Being Committed to Personal Action Against Racism 144_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 145_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 145_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 146_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 146_x000D_ _x000D_ References 146_x000D_ _x000D_ 8 Multicultural Counseling Competence and Cultural Humility for People of Color Counselors and Therapists 149_x000D_ _x000D_ Interracial And Interethnic Biases 150_x000D_ _x000D_ Impact On Interracial Counseling Relationships 150_x000D_ _x000D_ Racial Stereotypes Held by People of Color 150_x000D_ _x000D_ The Who-Is-More-Oppressed Game 151_x000D_ _x000D_ Interracial and Interethnic Counseling 151_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 152_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 152_x000D_ _x000D_ The Politics of Interracial and Interethnic Bias and Discrimination 153_x000D_ _x000D_ The Political Relationships Between Groups of Color 154_x000D_ _x000D_ African Americans and Asian Americans 154_x000D_ _x000D_ Asian Americans and Latinx Americans 155_x000D_ _x000D_ Latinx Americans and African Americans 155_x000D_ _x000D_ American Indians and Black Latinx and Asian Americans 156_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 156_x000D_ _x000D_ Within Group Differences Among Racial/Ethnic Groups 157_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Values 157_x000D_ _x000D_ Communication Styles 157_x000D_ _x000D_ Issues Regarding Stage of Ethnic Identity 158_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 158_x000D_ _x000D_ Counselors of Color and Dyadic Combinations 158_x000D_ _x000D_ Challenges Associated with Counselor of Color and White Client Dyads 159_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 1: Challenging the Competency of Counselors of Color 159_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 2: Needing to Prove Competence 159_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 3: Transferring Racial Animosity toward White Clients 160_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 4: Viewing the Counselor of Color as a Super Minority Counselor 160_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 5: Dealing with Client Expressions of Racism 161_x000D_ _x000D_ Challenges Associated with Counselor of Color and Client of Color Dyads 162_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 1: Overidentifying with the Client 162_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 2: Encountering Clashes in Cultural Values 162_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 3: Experiencing Clashes in Communication and Counseling Styles 163_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 4: Receiving and Expressing Racial Animosity 164_x000D_ _x000D_ Situation 5: Dealing with the Racial Identity Status of Counselors and Clients 164_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 165_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 165_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 166_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 166_x000D_ _x000D_ References 166_x000D_ _x000D_ PART 4 Western and Non-Western Perspectives in Counseling and Therapy_x000D_ _x000D_ 9 Multicultural Evidence-Based Practice 171_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 172_x000D_ _x000D_ Empirically-Supported Therapies (ESTs) 172_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 175_x000D_ _x000D_ Empirically Supported Relationships (ESRs) 175_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 175_x000D_ _x000D_ The Therapeutic Alliance 176_x000D_ _x000D_ Emotional or Interpersonal Bond 178_x000D_ _x000D_ Empathy 178_x000D_ _x000D_ Positive Regard Respect Warmth and Genuineness 179_x000D_ _x000D_ Therapist Self-Disclosure 180_x000D_ _x000D_ Management of Countertransference 180_x000D_ _x000D_ Goal Consensus 180_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 181_x000D_ _x000D_ Evidence-Based Practice and Diversity Issues in Counseling 181_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 182_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 183_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 184_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 184_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 185_x000D_ _x000D_ References 185_x000D_ _x000D_ 10 Indigenous and Cultural Methods of Healing Among People of Color: Implications for Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) 188_x000D_ _x000D_ Worldviews and Cultural Concepts of Distress 189_x000D_ _x000D_ The Shaman and Traditional Healer as Therapist: Commonalities 190_x000D_ _x000D_ Case Study: The Nguyen Family 191_x000D_ _x000D_ A Case of Child Abuse? 191_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 193_x000D_ _x000D_ The Principles of Indigenous Healing 193_x000D_ _x000D_ Holistic Outlook Interconnectedness and Harmony 194_x000D_ _x000D_ Belief in Metaphysical Levels of Existence 194_x000D_ _x000D_ Acceptance of Spirituality in Life and the Cosmos 195_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 197_x000D_ _x000D_ Reflection and Discussion Questions 198_x000D_ _x000D_ Radical Healing Among People of Color 198_x000D_ _x000D_ Examples of Healing Practices Among People of Color 199_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 200_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 200_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 201_x000D_ _x000D_ References 201_x000D_ _x000D_ PART 5 Assessment Diagnosis and Treatment Issues in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy_x000D_ _x000D_ 11 Culturally Competent Assessment 207_x000D_ _x000D_ Therapist Variables Affecting Diagnosis 208_x000D_ _x000D_ Did You Know? 209_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Competence and Preventing Diagnostic Errors 210_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Self-Awareness 210_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Knowledge 211_x000D_ _x000D_ Culturally Responsive or Multicultural Skills 211_x000D_ _x000D_ Contextual and Collaborative Assessment 212_x000D_ _x000D_ Case Study: Erica 213_x000D_ _x000D_ Principles of Collaborative Conceptualization 213_x000D_ _x000D_ Infusing Cultural Relevance into Standard Clinical Assessments 214_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Formulation Interview 214_x000D_ _x000D_ Culturally Sensitive Intake Interview 215_x000D_ _x000D_ By The Numbers 216_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 218_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 218_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 219_x000D_ _x000D_ References 219_x000D_ _x000D_ Section 2 Multicultural Counseling and Specific Populations_x000D_ _x000D_ PART 6 Counseling and Therapy with Racial/Ethnic Group Populations_x000D_ _x000D_ 12 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: African Americans 225_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 226_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliences 227_x000D_ _x000D_ Family and Community 227_x000D_ _x000D_ Religion and Spirituality 227_x000D_ _x000D_ Resourcefulness and Resilience 228_x000D_ _x000D_ Positive Racial-Ethnic Identity or Racial Pride 228_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 228_x000D_ _x000D_ Racism and Discrimination 228_x000D_ _x000D_ Racial Socialization: When What and How to Discuss Racism 229_x000D_ _x000D_ Internalized Racism 229_x000D_ _x000D_ Challenges for Black Women 230_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 230_x000D_ _x000D_ Case Studies: Johnny: When Extra Familial Help Causes Disruption 231_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 233_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 234_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 235_x000D_ _x000D_ References 235_x000D_ _x000D_ 13 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: American Indians/Native Americans and Alaskan Natives 239_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 240_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resliencies 241_x000D_ _x000D_ Tribal Community Structure and Relationships 242_x000D_ _x000D_ Family Structure and Relationships 242_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural and Spiritual Values 242_x000D_ _x000D_ Specific Challenges 243_x000D_ _x000D_ Case Study: Mary 244_x000D_ _x000D_ Educational Concerns 244_x000D_ _x000D_ Acculturation Conflicts 245_x000D_ _x000D_ Alcohol and Substance Abuse 246_x000D_ _x000D_ Domestic Violence 246_x000D_ _x000D_ Suicide 247_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 248_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 248_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 249_x000D_ _x000D_ References 249_x000D_ _x000D_ 14 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders 252_x000D_ _x000D_ Characteristics and Strengths 253_x000D_ _x000D_ Asian Americans: A Success Story? 253_x000D_ _x000D_ Case Study: Katherine 255_x000D_ _x000D_ Collectivistic Orientation 255_x000D_ _x000D_ Hierarchical Relationships 256_x000D_ _x000D_ Parenting Styles 256_x000D_ _x000D_ Emotionality 257_x000D_ _x000D_ Holistic View on Mind and Body 257_x000D_ _x000D_ Academic and Occupational Goal Orientation 258_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Strengths 258_x000D_ _x000D_ Specific Challenges 259_x000D_ _x000D_ Racial-Ethnic-Cultural Identity and Conflict 259_x000D_ _x000D_ Acculturation Conflicts 259_x000D_ _x000D_ Expectations Regarding Counseling 260_x000D_ _x000D_ Racism and Discrimination 261_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 262_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 263_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 263_x000D_ _x000D_ References 263_x000D_ _x000D_ 15 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Latinx Communities 266_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Strengths 267_x000D_ _x000D_ Family and Interpersonal Relationships 267_x000D_ _x000D_ Religion and Spirituality 269_x000D_ _x000D_ Additional Cultural Strengths 270_x000D_ _x000D_ Specific Challenges 270_x000D_ _x000D_ Xenophobia Discrimination and Ethno-Racial Trauma 270_x000D_ _x000D_ Racism in the Schools 271_x000D_ _x000D_ Stigma Associated with Mental Illness 272_x000D_ _x000D_ Acculturation and Acculturative Stress 272_x000D_ _x000D_ Gender Role Conflicts 274_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 275_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 276_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 277_x000D_ _x000D_ References 277_x000D_ _x000D_ 16 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Multiracial Americans 280_x000D_ _x000D_ Characteristics and Strengths 281_x000D_ _x000D_ Multiracial Population in the United States 281_x000D_ _x000D_ The "One Drop of Blood" Rule 282_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths 283_x000D_ _x000D_ Specific Challenges 284_x000D_ _x000D_ Racial/Ethnic Ambiguity and Multiracial Identity Socialization: "What Are You?" 284_x000D_ _x000D_ Intermarriage Stereotypes and Myths 285_x000D_ _x000D_ Discrimination Racism and Microaggressions 285_x000D_ _x000D_ Racial Identity Invalidation 286_x000D_ _x000D_ A Multiracial Bill of Rights 288_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 288_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 290_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 290_x000D_ _x000D_ References 290_x000D_ _x000D_ 17 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Arab Americans 293_x000D_ _x000D_ Demographic Characteristics 294_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 294_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 295_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliencies 296_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 296_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 297_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 298_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 298_x000D_ _x000D_ References 298_x000D_ _x000D_ PART 7 Counseling and Therapy with Other Multicultural Populations_x000D_ _x000D_ 18 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Marginalized Religious Communities 303_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling Contexts: Jewish Americans 303_x000D_ _x000D_ Characteristics and Strengths 304_x000D_ _x000D_ Spiritual and Religious Values. 304_x000D_ _x000D_ Ethnic Identity 305_x000D_ _x000D_ Gender-Related Considerations 305_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Strengths 305_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 306_x000D_ _x000D_ Prejudice and Discrimination 306_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 307_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling Contexts: Muslim Americans 308_x000D_ _x000D_ Characteristics and Strengths 308_x000D_ _x000D_ Spiritual and Religious Values 309_x000D_ _x000D_ Gender-Related Considerations 309_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Strengths 309_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 310_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 311_x000D_ _x000D_ Marginalized Religious Communities: A Clinical Checklist 311_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 312_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 312_x000D_ _x000D_ References 313_x000D_ _x000D_ 19 Counseling Contexts: Immigrants and Refugees 316_x000D_ _x000D_ Demographic Characteristics 317_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 317_x000D_ _x000D_ Cultural Dimensions 318_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 318_x000D_ _x000D_ Gender Issues and Domestic Violence 319_x000D_ _x000D_ Refugee Issues and Coping with Loss 319_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliencies 320_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 320_x000D_ _x000D_ Barriers to Seeking Treatment 321_x000D_ _x000D_ Linguistic and Communication Issues 322_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling Refugees 323_x000D_ _x000D_ Effects of Past Persecution Torture or Trauma 323_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 324_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 326_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 326_x000D_ _x000D_ References 326_x000D_ _x000D_ 20 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: LGBTQ Communities 328_x000D_ _x000D_ Characteristics and Strengths 329_x000D_ _x000D_ SOGI Awareness 329_x000D_ _x000D_ LGBTQ Youth 331_x000D_ _x000D_ LGBTQ Couples and Families 332_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths 333_x000D_ _x000D_ Specific Challenges 333_x000D_ _x000D_ Coming Out 333_x000D_ _x000D_ Prejudice Discrimination and Misconceptions 334_x000D_ _x000D_ Aging 336_x000D_ _x000D_ Implications for Clinical Practice 337_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 339_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 339_x000D_ _x000D_ References 339_x000D_ _x000D_ 21 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Older Adults 343_x000D_ _x000D_ Demographic Characteristics 343_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 344_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 345_x000D_ _x000D_ Mental Deterioration 345_x000D_ _x000D_ Elder Abuse 345_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliencies 346_x000D_ _x000D_ Sexuality 346_x000D_ _x000D_ Leadership 346_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 347_x000D_ _x000D_ Physical Limitations 347_x000D_ _x000D_ Cognitive Limitations 347_x000D_ _x000D_ Elder Abuse 348_x000D_ _x000D_ Substance Abuse 348_x000D_ _x000D_ Social Isolation Depression and Suicide 349_x000D_ _x000D_ The Benefits of Counseling and Therapy for Older Adults 350_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 350_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 351_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 352_x000D_ _x000D_ References 352_x000D_ _x000D_ 22 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Women 355_x000D_ _x000D_ Demographic Characteristics 356_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 356_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 357_x000D_ _x000D_ Bias and Schooling 358_x000D_ _x000D_ Organizational and Workplace Bias 358_x000D_ _x000D_ Harassment and Violence 359_x000D_ _x000D_ Sexual Objectification and Its Sequellae 359_x000D_ _x000D_ Social Pressure Toward Unrealistic Body Ideals 360_x000D_ _x000D_ Caretaker Overload 360_x000D_ _x000D_ Incidence of Depression 360_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliencies 360_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 361_x000D_ _x000D_ Gender Bias and Conventional Practices 361_x000D_ _x000D_ Body Image 362_x000D_ _x000D_ Addressing Harassment and Violence 362_x000D_ _x000D_ Educational and Vocational Issues 362_x000D_ _x000D_ Depression 363_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 364_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 365_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 365_x000D_ _x000D_ References 365_x000D_ _x000D_ 23 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Individuals Living in Poverty 369_x000D_ _x000D_ Demographic Characteristics 369_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 370_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 371_x000D_ _x000D_ Social Exclusion 371_x000D_ _x000D_ Educational Inequities 372_x000D_ _x000D_ Disparities in the Judicial System 372_x000D_ _x000D_ Classism and the Minimum Wage 373_x000D_ _x000D_ Health Care Inequities 373_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliencies 373_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 374_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 375_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 377_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 377_x000D_ _x000D_ References 377_x000D_ _x000D_ 24 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Individuals with Disabilities 380_x000D_ _x000D_ Demographic Characteristics 380_x000D_ _x000D_ Sociohistorical Context 381_x000D_ _x000D_ Models of Disability 381_x000D_ _x000D_ Potential Challenges 382_x000D_ _x000D_ Prejudice and Discrimination 382_x000D_ _x000D_ Strengths and Resiliencies 383_x000D_ _x000D_ Counseling and Applied Considerations 384_x000D_ _x000D_ Sexuality and Reproduction 385_x000D_ _x000D_ Spirituality and Religiosity 385_x000D_ _x000D_ Family Counseling 385_x000D_ _x000D_ Environmental and Social Justice Issues 386_x000D_ _x000D_ Counselors' Attitudes When Clients have Disabilities 387_x000D_ _x000D_ A Clinical Checklist 388_x000D_ _x000D_ Summary 390_x000D_ _x000D_ Glossary Terms 390_x000D_ _x000D_ References 390_x000D_ _x000D_ Index I-1_x000D_ show more