Description
Evangel Publishing Csi Cardiology Update 2020 by PP Mohanan and MN Krishnan
Contents
Section 1 The Indian Scenario
1. Clinical Cardiology: The Journey So Far and a Peep into the Future........................................ 3
RP Sapru
2. Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Hypertension: A Brief Overview................. 13
Rajeev Gupta, Kiran Gaur
3. Diabetes: A Major Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease in India......................................26
KR Thankappan, GK Mini
4. Challenges in Management of STEMI in India........................................................................ 31
Snehal Jayaram, Sabari Rajan, Thomas Alexander
5. Disease Burden and Epidemiology of Heart Failure in India..................................................36
Shaheer Ahmed, Ambuj Roy
6. Prevention and Control of Rheumatic Fever in India.............................................................. 47
Sayed Abdul Khadar
Section 2 Preventive Cardiology
7. Lipoprotein(a) as Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor: Lessons from Epidemiology, Genetics, and Drug Trials..........................................................55
SS Iyengar
8. Cardiovascular Disease Polypills..............................................................................................62
Mark D Huffman
9. Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Risk: Have we Reached a Consensus?..............................74
Vyom Mori, Simran Sawhney, JPS Sawhney
10. PCSK9 Inhibitors: Current Status.............................................................................................78
Harinder K Bali, Amreen Dhindsa
11. Raise the High-density Lipoprotein: Is it Worth the While?....................................................90
Saumitra Ray, Biswarup Sarkar
12. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: Current Role of Aspirin..................................95
Karunadas
13. Genetic Testing: Is it Useful Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment?............................100
Rajendra Kumar Jain, Surya Kanth Zena
Section 3 Controversies in Cardiology
14. Renal Denervation Therapy for Hypertension: Where does it Stand (or Sit) at Present?...............................................................................105
C Venkata S Ram
15. Revascularization in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Have the Courage to Leave Alone..........................................................................................113
Ashwin B Mehta, Nihar Mehta
16. Controversies in Diet and Cardiovascular Health: An Unending Debate...............................................................................................................121
Rajan Joseph Manjuran
17. Controversies in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention....................................................................127
CG Bahuleyan
18. Invasive Management of NSTEMI: Early or Elective?............................................................133
A George Koshy, Jostol Pinto
19. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Left Main Stenosis: Has the Debate Settled?............................................ 141
Ajit G Desai, Nikesh D Jain
20. Antiplatelet Therapy after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Duration, Combinations, and Switching................................................................................150
Sajeev CG, Sajeer Kalathingathodika
Section 4 Hypertension
21. Hypertension: New Definitions and Goals.............................................................................155
Shishu Shankar Mishra, Biswaranjan Mishra, Satyanarayan Routray, Akshaya Kumar Samal
22. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: The Way Forward.......................................................................159
KV Sahasranam
23. Nonpharmacological Management of Hypertension: Is it Effective?...................................163
Prabhash Chand Manoria, Pankaj Manoria, Sourabh Dudve
24. Rational Choice of Antihypertensive Treatment: Current Update........................................167
Mrinal Kanti Das, Late Tapan Sinha
25. Management of Hypertensive Emergencies.........................................................................175
Praveen Jain, Tanul Jain, Mohammad Jibran
Section 5 Imaging and Physiology in Cardiology
26. Strain Mimics and Longitudinal Strain Images: Need for Detailed 2D Echo Analysis for Understanding the Meaning of Strain Images...................................183
G Vijayaraghavan, S Sivasankaran
27. 3D Echocardiography in Mitral Valve Disease: An Indispensable Tool?..............................187
V Amuthan, RVA Ananth, AB Gopalamurugan
28. Advances in Tissue Doppler Echocardiography.....................................................................211
Jagdish C Mohan, Madhu Shukla
29. Diastolic Stress Test................................................................................................................222
VK Katyal, Sandeep Goyal, Komal Dahiya
30. Cardiologist’s Golden Tip from Lung Sonography “One Minute Echo Pulmogram”.............................................................................................227
Johny Joseph, Deepak Davidson, Thomas George, Joby K Thomas
31. Optical Coherence Tomography: A Unique Vascular Imaging Tool.......................................233
Rony Mathew, Vijin Joseph, Jimmy George
32. Atheroma Imaging...................................................................................................................245
Lekha Adik Pathak, Ronak V Ruparelia
33. Coronary Physiology Evaluation Update.................................................................................249
Paul V George, John Jose
34. Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Chronic Coronary Syndromes.................................................................................................256
Govindan Unni T
Section 6 Coronary Artery Disease
35. Does Coronary Artery Disease have an Infectious Etiology?................................................263
I Sathyamurthy, KN Srinivasan
36. The Natural Course of Nonculprit Coronary Artery Lesions in
ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction.........................................................................................270
Dhiman Kahali, Aniruddha Mandal, Ranita Saha, Asit Das
37. Vulnerable Plaque, Vulnerable Myocardium,
Vulnerable Blood and Vulnerable Patient..............................................................................282
Seemala Saikrishna Reddy, V Pavan Teja, Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan
38. Coronary Artery Disease in Women: What is New in 2020?................................................287
Krishnan Suresh, Harihara Subramonia Sharma TS
39. Angina with Normal Coronaries: Mechanism, Prognosis, and Management..................................................................................................291
Satyendra Tewari, Ritesh Kumar Pandey
40. Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Plaque
Progression and Acute Events................................................................................................296
VS Narain, Akshyaya Pradhan, Pravesh Vishwakarma
41. Ischemic Conditioning: Myth or Realty?.................................................................................301
Pradeep Kumar Hasija, Anup Banerji
42. Natriuretic Peptides in Acute Coronary Syndromes..............................................................308
Nakul Sinha
43. Screening for Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease: Current Status...............................312
Anil Dhall, Puneet Gupta
44. Anti-inflammatory Treatment in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review...................................328
K Sarat Chandra, Kunal Mahajan
45. Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease.................................336
Parneesh Arora, Vineet Bhatia, Upendra Kaul
46. Late Presentation of ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction: The Missed Opportunity?........................................................................................................344
Meeraji Rao, Abhisekh Mohanty
47. Pharmacoinvasive Strategy for Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The Way to Go?...................................................................................348
Sunitha Viswanathan
48. Thrombolysis in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction during COVID Pandemic: Regaining a Lost Art..................................................................................355
HK Chopra, Viveka Kumar, AK Pancholia
49. Management of Refractory Angina in a “No Option Coronary Artery Disease”....................................................................................361
Roopa Salwan, Mohit M Bhagwati
50. Cardiogenic Shock: Current Trends in Classification and Management.............................369
Surender Deora, Kewal C Goswami
51. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Usage beyond One Year: Trials versus Real World Practice........................................................................................... 376
A Sreenivas Kumar, Ramakrishna Janapati
Section 7 Valvular Heart Disease
52. Assessment of Severity of Regurgitant Lesions: Pitfalls and Limitations in Echocardiography........................................................................383
Harsha Basappa, Satish C Govind
53. Role of Computed Tomography Angiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease.......................................388
Johann Christopher
54. Pathophysiology and Management of Severe Aortic Stenosis.............................................399
Sai Satish
55. Prevention and Management of Prosthetic Valve Complications........................................412
Ashokan Nambiar, Rajesh Muralidharan
56. Evaluation and Management of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation........................................421
Manish Bansal, Ravi R Kasliwal
57. Evolution of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in India: An Update...........................................................................................430
Sanjay Mehrotra
Section 8 Peripheral Vascular Disease
58. Interventional Management of Chronic Occlusive Peripheral Artery Disease: Techniques, Gadgets, and Outcomes........................................439
BC Srinivas, Vijaykumar JR, Nagesh CM, Babureddy
59. Management of Infragenicular (Infrapopliteal) Peripheral Arterial Disease.....................................................................................................449
Asishkumar Mandalay, SR Nair
60. Management and Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis......................................................463
KH Srinivasa, Vijaykumar JR, CN Manjunath
61. Renal Artery Stenosis: To Stent or not?.................................................................................470
Yash Paul Sharma, Anita Sharma, Prashant Kumar Panda, Lipi Uppal, Pruthvi CR
62. Vascular Compression Syndromes......................................................................................... 474
Prabha Nini Gupta
Section 9 Interventional Cardiology
63. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in High-bleeding Risk Candidates..............................................................................................485
Shirish (MS) Hiremath, Satishkumar S Kolekar
64. Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation—A DEADLY DYAD: Special Focus on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Atrial
Fibrillation Patients on Anticoagulation.................................................................................490
Manoranjan Mandal, Debajyoti Datta, Souvik Ray
65. Drug-eluting Balloons in Coronary Artery Disease: Hope or Hype?.....................................494
Sunil Roy TN, Anil Kumar R
66. Slow Flow and No-reflow in Coronary Intervention: How to Prevent and Treat it?..................................................................................................502
Jabir Abdullakutty, Musna PJ, Jimmy George
67. Coronary Perforation: The Nightmare of an Interventionist................................................. 510
Deepak Davidson, Johny Joseph, Thomas George, Joby K Thomas
68. Role of Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Inhibitors in 2020......................................................................518
G Justin Paul, PM Nageshwaran, Suriyakanth S
69. Laser Angioplasty....................................................................................................................522
CN Manjunath, L Sridhar
70. Vascular Access Closure Devices: An Overview.....................................................................529
Saurabh Mehrotra, Navjyot Kaur, Sundeep Mishra
71. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Women: Is Gender Still an Issue?.........................537
Dharmendra Jain, Umesh Kumar Pandey, Abhishek Kaushley
72. Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: When and how?..................................................................541
Nishanth KR, KS Ravindranath
73. Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation.......................................................................547
John Jose, Sudhakar P
74. Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement...............................................................................555
Rajiv C
Section 10 Heart Failure
75. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management.............................................................................................. 571
Ajay Bahl, Inder Anand
76. Heart Failure: New Biomarkers..............................................................................................578
Sandeep Seth
77. Monitoring in Chronic Heart Failure.......................................................................................582
BP Singh, Ravi Vishnu Prasad, Nirav Kumar, Gautam Kumar
78. Anemia, Iron Deficiency and Heart Failure............................................................................589
VK Chopra, SD Anker
79. Newer Medical Therapies for Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.................................................................................593
Mohan V Deshpande, Avinash Arke, NV Deshpande
80. Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor: Current Status and Expanding Indications............................................................................607
Ankita Kulkarni, Prafulla Kerkar
81. Revascularization in Ischemic Heart Failure.........................................................................612
Satyavan Sharma
82. Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Heart Failure: Bridge or Destination?.............................616
Bagirath Raghuraman
83. Heart Failure with Recovered Ejection Fraction: Implications for Prognosis and Management........................................................................623
Harikrishnan S
84. Drug-induced Heart Failure: Mechanism, Prevention, Monitoring, and Management............................................................................629
Arup Dasbiswas, Swati Lad, Ashwini Patil
85. Vaccination in Heart Failure...................................................................................................634
Vidyut Jain, Avani Jain
86. Selection and Evaluation of Patients for Cardiac Transplantation.......................................638
Talha Meeran
Section 11 Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias
87. Disorders of Myocardial Repolarization: Molecular Mechanisms and Electrical Manifestations..........................................................................645
Jaganmohan A Tharakan
88. Noninvasive Maneuvers and Phenomena to Unravel Tachycardia Mechanism............................................................................................663
Avishek Bagchi, Yash Lokhandwala
89. Evaluation and Management of Brugada ECG Pattern........................................................ 674
Arun Gopi
90. Congenital Long-QT Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management..............................................679
Nishad Chitnis, B Hygriv Rao
91. Novel Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation......................................................685
Johnson Francis
92. Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure........................................................................................689
Gautam Singal, Vikas Kataria, Amitabh Yaduvanshi, Pritam Kitey, Mohan Nair
93. Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Function...............................................................................696
Anindya Ghosh, Aditya Kapoor
94. Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Critical Appraisal.....................................................................................701
Chandrabhan Meena, Harnish Bhatia, Shekhar Kunal
95. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Nonpharmacological Modalities.............................709
Abraham Oomman
96. Conduction System Pacing: A Comprehensive Review......................................................... 712
Shunmuga Sundaram Ponnusamy, Narayanan Namboodiri
97. Leadless Devices for Arrhythmia Management.....................................................................720
Ajit Thachil
98. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Primary Prophylaxis: The Guidelines and Beyond...............................................................................727
KU Natarajan, Nischal N Hegde
99. Ventricular Tachycardia Storm: How to Manage?..................................................................735
Mukund Prabhu, Ajit Kumar VK
100. Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: Beyond Pharmacotherapy.......................................................................... 742
Vickram Vignesh Rangaswamy, Daljeet Kaur Saggu, Calambur Narasimhan
101. Tachycardiomyopathy: An Update........................................................................................... 749
Rabindra Nath Chakraborty, Arindam Pande
102. Wearable Monitoring Devices in Heart Failure: Indian Perspective.....................................757
Kalyan Dutta
103. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiac Electrophysiology................................................ 761
Kamal K Sethi, Kabir Sethi
Section 12 Aortic Disease
104. Aortic Dissection: Pathophysiology and Evaluation.............................................................. 771
Rajesh G
105. Recent Advances in Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair.................................................777
George Joseph
106. Hybrid Repair of Aortic Aneurysms.........................................................................................795
NN Khanna, Markendey Khanna, Francis Asogwa
Section 13 Myocardial Diseases
107. Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Myocardial Diseases..............................805
Mona Bhatia, Parveen Kumar
108. Risk Stratification and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy..............................813
Arnab Banerjee, Debabrata Roy
109. Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.........................................................................................................819
Aayush K Singal, Aseem Basha, Nitish Naik
Section 14 Cardiac Surgery
110. Acute Aortic Dissection Current Management Strategies....................................................829
Bashi V Velayudhan, A Mohammed Idhrees
111. Total Arterial Revascularization: Current Perspectives.........................................................839
Shiv Kumar Nair, George Jose Valooran, Rinett Sebastian
112. Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass: The Game Changer........................................................844
Murali P Vettath
113. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Current Status of Diagnosis and Management.....................................................................850
Julius Punnen, Varun Shetty, Devi Shetty
114. Reconstructive Mitral Valve Surgery......................................................................................855
Praveen Kerala Varma
115. Heart Transplantation in India: The Past, Present, and Future............................................859
Jo Joseph, Jose Chacko Periappuram
Section 15 Miscellaneous
116. Advanced Interventional Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension...............................867
Manotosh Panja, Madhumanti Panja
117. Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular System............................877
N Sudhayakumar
118. Cardiac Rehabilitation: Our Approach....................................................................................884
Ambalam M Chandrasekaran, Dorairaj Prabhakaran
119. Frailty and Cardiovascular Disease........................................................................................894
K Venugopal
120. Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants: An Update (Selecting an NOAC in Atrial Fibrillation)................................................................................898
Suraj Arora, Bhupinder Singh, Gurpreet S Wander
121. Contrast Nephropathy: Current Insights on Prevention and Management.................................................................................................906
Jayagopal PB, Jain T Kallarakkal
122. Takotsubo Syndrome: Recent Status.....................................................................................911
Amal Kumar Banerjee
123. Pulmonary Embolism: New Insights for Risk Stratification and Management............................................................................................. 917
Anjan Lal Dutta, Soumik Chaudhuri
124. Cardioprotection in Contemporary Oncology Practice..........................................................931
Late Tapan Sinha, Mrinal Kanti Das
125. Intestinal Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease...............................................936
Harsh Wardhan, Pranay Gore, Barun Kumar
126. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome..........................................................................941
Vijay Garg, Ajay Patidar, Yashveer Rajawat
127. Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale....................................................................945
RK Saran, Mahim Saran, Vasudha Jain
128. Erectile Dysfunction: Risk Predictor for Cardiovascular Events...........................................948
Ashok Goyal
129. Hyperkalemia: Updates on Outcomes and Therapeutic Strategies.....................................959
Vitull K Gupta, Meghna Gupta, Varun Gupta
130. Statins and Cognitive Function...............................................................................................962
Raviteja Rao Babburi, Dayasagar Rao Vala
131. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease.........................................................970
Smit Shrivastava
132. Anticoagulation in Pregnancy: A Blessing in Disguise.......................................................... 974
Snigdha Boddu, Sharad Chandra
133. Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis: Current Status...............................................................979
SB Gupta
134. Risk Factors for Heart Disease: Do not Underestimate Stress............................................982
S Shanmugasundaram
Index....................................................................................................................................... 991