Description
IGI Global Impact of Immigration and Xenophobia on Development in Africa by Mavhungu Abel Mafukata
Human movement has an influence on the socio-economic dynamics of people, regions, and countries. The schisms between host and immigrants impact how host countries utilize immigrant skills and expertise to benefit their economies. However, immigrants are impacted by negative diplomatic relations between countries that limit the free movement of people and the welfare of immigrants. In association, this brings about social challenges such as Afrophobia, racism, xenophobia, hatred, and violence within these countries. While these challenges are deeply rooted across the world, Africa has its own unique challenges. Still struggling with massive underdevelopment, Africa needs to remove all the negative factors that could impede its quest of achieving development imperatives._x000D__x000D_Impact of Immigration and Xenophobia on Development in Africa analyzes the genesis and evolution of immigration in Africa and how this has resulted in social challenges such as xenophobia within the continent. The book focuses on demonstrating how immigrant skills and expertise can be positively utilized to assist African development and asserts the existence of xenophobia in respective countries does not assist Africa's quest of resolving its own challenges. The chapters within this book therefore explore how this subsequent output of xenophobia has impacted African development and focuses on the revival of Pan-Africanism as a uniting instrument and ideology for Africans. This book is a valuable reference tool for activists, retired and practicing politicians, governments, policymakers, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, students, and academicians._x000D_ Table of contents : - _x000D_
1.1 Anatomy of the cavernous sinus.- Material and methods.- Anatomic relationships.- Osseous and dural structures.- Oculomotor nerve.- Trochlear nerve.- Trigeminal nerve.- Abducens nerve.- Internal carotid artery.- Intracavernous relationships.- 1.2 Surgical triangles of the cavernous sinus.- Parasellar subregion.- Anteromedial triangle.- Paramedial triangle.- Oculomotor trigone.- Parkinson's triangle.- Middle cranial fossa subregion.- Anterolateral triangle.- Lateral triangle.- Posterolateral (Glasscock's) triangle.- Posteromedial (Kawase's) triangle.- Paraclival subregion.- Inferomedial triangle.- Inferoletaral (trigeminal) triangle.- 1.3 Relation of the internal carotid artery to surgical triangles and bony sinuses.- 1.4 Relation of the cavernous sinus to the sella.- 1.5 Venous system of the cavernous sinus.- 2 General approach to the cavernous sinus.- 3.1 Combined epi- and subdural approach to carotid ophthalmic aneurysms.- 3.2 Transclinoid transcavernous transsellar approach to basilar tip aneurysms.- 4.1 Intracavernous (saccular, fusiform) aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.- 4.2 Traumatic intracavernous aneurysms.- 4.3 Carotid-cavernous fistulas.- 5 Cavernous sinus tumors.- References._x000D_