Description
Taylor & Francis Standard Methods of Geophysical Formation Evaluation 1997 Edition by James K. Hallenburg
These three works cover the entire field of formation evaluation, from basic concepts and theories, through standard methods used by the petroleum industry, on to new and exciting applications in environmental science and engineering, hydrogeology, and other fields. Designed to be used individually or as a set, these volumes represent the first comprehensive assessment of all exploration methodologies. No other books offer the breadth of information and range of applications available in this set. Table of contents :- Resistivity MethodsIntroductionUnfocused Resistivity MethodsSingle Electrode SystemsEquivalent CircuitEffect of Formation ResistivityVolume of InvestigationAveraging within the Volume of InvestigationPosition of the Return ElectrodeReturn Electrode Grounding ResistanceMulti-Electrode SystemsNormal Resistivity DevicesEmpirical Method to Estimate RtDeparture CurvesLateral Resistivity DevicesGeneral Expression for Resistivity DevicesMicroresistivity SystemsMiscellaneous Resistivity ItemsSurface Resistivity MethodsFocused Resistivity MethodsFocusing Electrode Devices, Omnidirectional3-Electrode Guard Logs7-Electrode Guard LogsShallow Investigating Guarded Electrode DeviceSpherically Focused SystemsRadial Pseudo-Geometrical FactorsSidewall Guarded Electrode SystemsMicrolaterolog (MLL)Proximity Log (PL)Microspherically Focused Log (MSFL)General Reduction ProcedureInduction MethodsIntroductionPrincipleConventional Induction LogsPhasor Induction SystemsArray Induction LogsFactors Affecting Induction LogsSkin EffectBed Boundary EffectsThin Bed ResponseDipping BedsNet Bed Boundary ResponseData ReductionBorehole CorrectionsAdjacent Bed CorrectionInvaded Zone CorrectionResistivity Log InterpretationIntroductionThe Archie MethodValues of the Cementation ExponentThe Ratio MethodThe Rocky Mountain MethodThe Migrated Hydrocarbon MethodEstimation of Permeability from Resistivity GradientDetermination of the Diameter of InvasionReading "Tornado" Charts, DetailRt vs. ? Crossplot, The Pickett PlotThe Nonlinear (Hingle) CrossplotThe Movable Hydrocarbon MethodThe FR,a vs. FR MethodThe RW,a vs. RW MethodNon-Hydrocarbon Usage of Resistance and ResistivitySpontaneous PotentialsIntroductionPrinciplesPhysical PrinciplesAbsorption or Shale PotentialThe Electrochemical or Diffusion PotentialEffect of Ion TypesThin BedsFormation Water Resistivity, RWTaking Ion Types into ConsiderationThe Effect of ShaleDirection of DeflectionFormation Resistivity EffectsThe Static SPCalculation of SalinityReduction of DataExampleThe Electrokinetic ComponentRedox ComponentProblems with SP MeasurementsResistance ComponentSensitivity to MotionElectrodes Touching the SidewallBimetallismImproper Electrode MaterialMethods of Determining RW and Use of RW CalculationsSP vs. RXO/Rt the Ratio MethodIonic ConductionRW from Resistivity ValuesThe Use of RWaThe Dual Water ModelRW from RXO and RtDunlap MultipliersThe SP Measurement in Fresh Water SandsNatural Gamma RadiationIntroductionRadiation from Formation MaterialsClaysSandsCarbonatesIgneous and Metamorphic MaterialsFractures and FaultsGross or Total Count Gamma Ray SystemsRanges of DetectionEquilibriumVolume of Investigation and Borehole CorrectionsCalibrationsUsesVolume of Clay/Shale Estimation, VshCorrelationLithologyDead TimeBed Boundary EffectsThin BedsDipping Beds and Slant HolesGrade CalculationsFracture DetectionTracersGamma Ray SpectroscopyIntroductionChemical and Geological ImplicationsSystem TypesDetectorsSingle Window SystemsKUT SystemsMCA SystemsMonitoring SystemsProblems with Spectrographic SystemsMajor Mineral SystemsUraniferous Minerals SystemsThorium MineralsPotassium MineralsGeneralMiscellaneous EffectsSpectrometric RatiosUses of RatiosCrossplottingScattered Gamma Ray MethodsIntroductionFormation Density LoggingSource Energy RequirementsOperationExample 1, The Mole Fraction MethodExample 2, The Molecular Mass MethodDownhole Tool TypesOmnidirectional Density SystemsSingle Spacing Sidewall SystemsMudcake Compensated Density SystemsCalibrationsInterference by Natural Gamma RadiationRock Type IdentificationExample 3, Mineral Identification and Z/A RatioPorosity CalculationsExample 4, Porosity from Bulk DensityCoal AnalysisScattered Gamma Ray SpectroscopyNeutron Porosity LoggingIntroductionPhysical DescriptionOperational PrinciplesModerationReactionsSourcesDetectorsSystems Now in UseSingle Spacing SystemsSidewall Neutron Porosity SystemsBorehole Compensated SystemsNeutron Porosity MeasurementsShale CorrectionRock Type CorrectionsBorehole CorrectionsCased Hole UseCalibrationData ReductionDepth of InvestigationSource-Detector SpacingInterpretation MethodsChlorine LogsNeutron Activation MethodsIntroductionTypes of SystemsIsotopic SourcesNeutron GeneratorsDetector TypesAction Within the Formation MaterialSaturation SystemsNeutron Induced Gamma Ray LogsCapture SpectraRatio LogsUranium SystemsThermal Neutron Formation Temperature LogsAcoustic Methods - PorosityIntroductionPrinciplesOperation Principles of Downhole Acoustic SystemsTool ConfigurationsSingle Transmitter, Single Receiver SystemsMultiple Receiver SystemsBorehole Compensated SystemsLong Spacing Acoustic SystemsThe Array Sonic SystemLog PresentationEffect of Gas and Road NoiseFull Wave SystemsEvaluationPorosity DeterminationsMechanical PropertiesEffects of Clay or ShalePrimary PorosityFractured MediaPorosity and Lithology DeterminationsAnalysis of Log, Figure 19-33Determination of Permeability from Acoustic LogsCement Bond LoggingDetermination of the Shear Wave Velocity using the Stoneley ModeFormation Evaluation - Standard MethodsIntroductionAssumptionsMethods AvailableMultiple ParametersScopeResearchNew InformationMethods to be UsedAnalysis Methods - Standard MeasurementsNormalizing DataCuttings LagIdentifying the Formation SequenceCharacteristic Signatures and ValuesTarget ZonesVisual ExaminationQuantitative AnalysisQuantitative Porosity and SaturationReserve CalculationRock TypeShale and Clay ContentMN CrossplotThe AK CrossplotThe MID PlotSimultaneous Equation MethodFrequency PlotsPermeabilityk Estimated from the Resistivity Gradientk as a Function of Mineral ContentFormation FluidsFormation Fluid TypesFormation Fluid DistributionFormation Fluid PressureStructural ChangesFormation Rock Strength and CompetenceZone ExtentRedox EffectsEnhancementCombinationsOther MethodsIndex