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Berghahn Books The Economic Diplomacy of Ostpolitik Origins of NATOs Energy Dilemma 2010 Edition by Werner D. Lippert
Despite the consensus that economic diplomacy played a crucial role in ending the Cold War, very little research has been done on the economic diplomacy during the crucial decades of the 1970s and 1980s. This book fills the gap by exploring the complex interweaving of East-West political and economic diplomacies in the pursuit of detente. The focus on German chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik reveals how its success was rooted in the usage of energy trade and high tech exchanges with the Soviet Union. His policies and visions are contrasted with those of U.S. President Richard Nixon and the Realpolitik of Henry Kissinger. The ultimate failure to coordinate these rivaling detente policies, and the resulting divide on how to deal with the Soviet Union, left NATO with an energy dilemma between American and European partners-one that has resurfaced in the 21st century with Russia's politicization of energy trade. This book is essential for anyone interested in exploring the interface of international diplomacy, economic interest, and alliance cohesion. Table of contents :- PreludeChapter 1. Detente, Trade, and the Alliance in the 1960s.Pro-American Ostpolitik - nothing but East-West tradeKennedy's Use of East-West trade as a Political ToolThe Busted Pipeline Deal of 1962Johnson's Ambivalence to East-West tradeBrandt's Ostpolitik is formingChapter 2. Of Honeymoons and Idealism (1968-1970)Nixon's Vision of a Responsible EuropeExploring Osthandel in 1968/9Domestic and International Dissent to a new OsthandelNixon's concepts on East-West tradeInitial Ostpolitik: Brandt's Honeymoon PeriodThe first Gas-Pipeline DealThe Inter-German Summit Meeting: The Rude AwakeningThe German-American Summit on >Ostpolitik in April 1970Eastern Dilemmas with DetenteChapter 3. Westhandel and the Alliance (1970-1972)The Need for Soviet WesthandelWestern Imports: The Kama River PlantSoviet Exports: Energy ResourcesThe German Paradigm Shift of the Soviet Union towards a "Normal" StateUsing Westhandel as a Wedge in NATOClashes within the Alliance over East-West TradeWest Berlin, Trade, and the Eastern TreatiesAn Independent West-German Diplomacy?Chapter 4. The Origins of NATO's Energy Dilemma (1972-1974)Superpower DetenteSystemic Shifts in the Soviet UnionOstpolitik in the CrossfireThe Brezhnev Summits in Germany and the U.S.Cementing Superpower Detente and the Middle East CrisisThe Transatlantic Rift EmergesReviving West European-Soviet TradeChapter 5. Helsinki and the Fall of Detente (1975-1982)The Blessing and the CurseWest Germany as the VillainFord's Lack of DirectionJimmy Carter's Human Rights CampaignAfghanistan Crisis and Carter's EmbargoReagan's Push for Alliance SolidarityConclusion: A Permanent Energy Dilemma for the West?BibliographyNotes