Description
WIT Press Transport Phenomena in Fires 2008 Edition by M. Faghri, B. Sunden
Controlled fires are beneficial for the generation of heat and power while uncontrolled fires, like fire incidents and wildfires, are detrimental and can cause enormous material damage and human suffering. This edited book presents the state-of-the-art of modeling and numerical simulation of the important transport phenomena in fires. It describes how computational procedures can be used in analysis and design of fire protection and fire safety. Computational fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling, combustion, soot formation, thermal radiation modeling are demonstrated and applied to pool fires, flame spread, wildfires, fires in buildings and other examples. Table of Contents : Chapter 1: Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of fires Introduction; Turbulent combustion in fires; Simulation and modelling; Numerical method; Boundary conditions and wall treatment; Case study of upward flame spread over a PMMA board Chapter 2: Transport phenomena that affect heat transfer in fully turbulent fires Introduction; Length and time scales within a fire; Fluid dynamics within large fires; Scalar transport and radiative properties; Future of transport research in fires Chapter 3: Heat transfer to objects in pool fires Introduction; Historical modeling approaches; V&V as a foundation for predicting heat transfer to embedded objects in pool fires; Surrogate fuel formulation; Chemical kinetics for soot production from JP-8; Use of LES methods for pool fires; Combustion/reaction models; Turbulence/chemistry interactions; Radiative heat transfer model; Heat transfer to an embedded object in a JP-8 pool fire; Prediction of heat flux to an explosive device in a JP-8 pool fire; Predicting the potential hazard of an explosive device immersed in a JP-8 pool fire; Toward predictivity: error quantification and propagation; Summary Chapter 4: Heat and mass transfer effects to be considered when modelling the effect of fire on structures Introduction; Building fires; Methods of thermal analysis; The boundary condition; The compartment fire; Solid-phase phenomena; Conclusions Chapter 5: Weakly buoyant turbulent fire plumes in uniform still and crossflowing environments Introduction; Structure of steady plumes in still environments; Penetration of starting plumes in still environments; Penetration and concentration properties of startingand steady plumes in crossflows; Concluding remarks Chapter 6: Pyrolysis modeling, thermal decomposition, and transport processes in combustible solids Introduction; Pyrolysis modeling and fire modeling; Decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics; Heat, mass, and momentum transfer; Fire growth modeling; Concluding remarks Chapter 7: Radiative heat transfer in fire modeling Introduction; Radiative properties of combustion gases; Radiative properties of soot; Band models; Global models; Turbulence-radiation interactions; Summary Chapter 8: Thermal radiation modeling in flames and fires Introduction; Basic equations; Solution of the RTE; Radiation from flames; Radiation from fires; Summary Chapter 9: Combustion subgrid scale modeling for large eddy simulation of fires Introduction; LES mathematical formulation; Combustion SGS models; Summary Chapter 10: CFD fire simulation and its recent development Introduction; CFD simulation of conventional fire; CFD simulation of spontaneous ignition in porous fuel storage; Conclusions Chapter 11: The implementation and application of a fire CFD model Introduction; Turbulence modelling; Solution speed and stability; Accounting for energy; Liquid sprays; Boundary and initial conditions; The practice of modelling; Assessing the model, assessing the results; Examples; Conclusions Chapter 12: CFD-based modeling of combustion and suppression in compartment fires Introduction; Transient ignition and early fire growth; Smoke filling and pre-flashover fire spread; Flashover and transition to under-ventilated combustion; Water-based fire suppression and fire control/extinction; Conclusion