Description
Springer Advances in Osteoarthritis 1st Editon 2012 Softbound by Seisuke Tanaka, Chiaki Hamanishi
Basic research on osteoarthritis has been carried out mainly from the his tological and biochemical aspects of the degenerating chondrocytes, collagen fibers, and matrix proteoglycans. Undue mechanical stress has been shown to be the principal factor in the initiation of osteoarthritis. Although the exact process by which mechanical stress leads to the total destruction of cartilage tissue remains unclear, several new research methods have enabled us to gain a deeper understanding of the process of degeneration. In October 1997, we organized an international symposium titled 'Ad vances in Osteoarthritis' in Kobe, with the main topics being updated re search, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoarthritis. The proceedings of the symposium are presented here in five sections: (1) Mechanical stress and reactions of chondrocytes, such as intracellular ion changes, changes in the cytoskeleton, intracellular messenger systems, release of gas mediators, and changes in electromechanical properties of cartilage; (2) Functional diagnosis of osteoarthritis by MR imaging, and using calpain and collagenase III as new cartilage markers; (3) Treatment with a promising simple washout technique and IL-1RA and MMP antagonists; (4) Cartilage repair by new grafting tech niques; and (5) Problems following total joint replacement. We sincerely hope that the advanced knowledge provided in this volume of proceedings will be valuable to our readers. A. Mechanical Stress and Chondrocyte Reactions.- Extracellular Ions and Hydrostatic Pressure: Their Influence on Chondrocyte Intracellular Ionic Composition.- Cytoskeleton and Proteoglycan Synthesis in Chondrocytes Under Hydrostatic Pressure.- Cyclic Tensile Stretch Inhibits Proteoglycan Synthesis by Downregulating Protein Kinase C Activity.- Muscarinic Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Control, Protein Kinase C Activity, and Proteoglycan Release and Synthesis in Articular Chondrocytes.- B. Functional Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis.- Physical Diagnostics of Cartilage Degeneration.- Applications of MRI for Evaluating Osteoarthritis.- Development of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Cartilage Damage and Repair In Vivo.- Gene Delivery to Chondrocytes Using Adenovirus Vector.- C. New Cartilage Markers.- The Recently Discovered Collagenase-3: A Key Role in Osteoarthritis.- Calpain and Its Role in Arthritis.- Immunohistochemical Localization of Cartilage-Specific and Non-Cartilage-Specific Proteoglycans in Experimental Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage in Rats.- D. Promising Treatments.- Results of a Phase II Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial Using T-Cell Receptor Peptides.- Chondroprotective Activity of a Matrix Metalloprotease Inhibitor, CGS 27023A, in Animal Models of Osteoarthritis.- Protein Kinase C-Activator Inhibits Progression of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting c-Fos Protein Expression in Articular Chondrocytes.- E. Promising Treatments 2: Cartilage Repair.- Articular Cartilage Repair.- Knee Washout for Osteoarthritis.- Viscosupplementation for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee with Hyaluronan and Hylans: Rationale and State of the Art.- Effects of Sodium Hyaluronic Acid on Fibrinolytic Factors in Humans with Arthropathies.- F. Problems Following Total Joint Replacement.- Thigh Pain After Total Hip Arthroplasty.- Polyethylene Properties and Their Role in Osteolysis After Total Joint Arthroplasty.- Responses in the Underlying Bone During Migration of Hydroxyapatite Grafts in the Growing Rabbit.- Key Word Index.