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Springer Advances in Perinatal Medicine Volume 5 1st Editon 2012 Softbound by E. Friedman, L. Gluck, Aubrey Milunsky
The state of health care is reflected by perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as by the frequencies of long-term neurologic and developmental disorders. Many factors, some without immediately rec ognizable significance to childbearing and many still unknown, undoubt edly contribute beneficially or adversely to the outcome of pregnancy. Knowledge concerning the impact of such factors on the fetus and sur viving infant is critical. Confounding analyses of pregnancy outcome, especially these past two or three decades, are the effects of newly un dertaken invasive or inactive therapeutic approaches coupled with the advent of high technology. Many innovations have been introduced with out serious efforts to evaluate their impact prospectively and objectively. The consequences of therapeutic misadventures characterized the past; it seems they have been replaced to a degree by some of the complications of applied technology. Examples abound: after overuse of oxygen was recognized to cause retrolental fibroplasia, its restriction led to an in crease in both neonatal death rates and neurologic damage in surviving infants. Administration of vitamin K to prevent neonatal hemorrhagic disease, particularly when given in what we now know as excessive dos age, occasionally resulted in kernicterus. Prophylactic sulfonamide use had a similar end result. More recent is the observation of bronchopul monary dysplasia as a complication of respirator therapy for hyaline membrane disease. 1 Nutritional Supplementation of the Growth-Retarded Fetus: Rationale, Theoretical Considerations, and in Vivo Studies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Rationale for Considering Nutritional Therapy.- 3. Theoretical Considerations in Providing Nutritional Supplementation.- 4. Fetal Nutritional Supplementation: Human and Animal Studies.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 2 Transplacental Toxicity of Environmental Chemicals: Environmental Causes and Correlates of Spontaneous Abortions, Malformations, and Childhood Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Environmental Chemicals and Spontaneous Abortions.- 3. Environmental Chemicals and Malformations.- 4. Parental Occupation and Cancer in the Offspring.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Neonatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definition.- 3. Incidence.- 4. Viscosity.- 5. Hemodynamic Changes in Polycythemic and Hyperviscous States.- 6. Etiology.- 7. Clinical Symptoms.- 8. Management.- References.- 4 Maternal Psychoactive Substance Use and Its Effect on the Neonate.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cigarette Smoking.- 3. Caffeine.- 4. Alcohol.- 5. Marijuana Use.- 6. Opiate Use.- 7. Amphetamines.- 8. Cocaine.- 9. Barbiturates.- 10. Phencyclidine.- 11. Diazepam.- 12. Summary.- References.- 5 Effect of Maternally Administered Drugs on the Fetus and Newborn.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background Information.- 3. Methods of Pain Relief.- 4. Anesthesia and the Compromised Fetus.- 5. Relationship of Obstetric Anesthesia to Long-Term Neonatal Effects.- References.- 6 Chlamydial Infection.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Organism.- 3. Epidemiology.- 4. Perinatal Infections.- 5. Neonatal Infections.- 6. Diagnosis.- 7. Therapy.- References.