Description
Humana Cartilage And Osteoarthritis by Massimo Sabatini , Philippe Pastoureau , FrTdTric De Ceuninck
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is generally characterized by a slowly progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, particularly in the weight-bearing joints. It has a stronger prevalence in women, and its incidence increases with age. OA is a major and growing health concern in developed countries, owing to steadily increasing life expectancy and the demand for better quality of life. Because of its chronic nature and nonfatal outcome, OA affects the growing population of the elderly over an increasing time span. Moreover, despite its relatively benign character, OA is one of the most disabling diseases; it is responsible for increasing financial and social burdens in terms of medical treatments, forced inactivity, loss of mobility, and dependence. Despite a growing awareness of OA as a medical problem that has yet to reach its maximum impact on society, there is a surprising absence of effective medical treatments beyond pain control and surgery. So far, only symptom-modifying drugs are available, while there remains a major demand for disease-modifying treatments of proven clinical efficacy. This demand will hopefully be met in the future by some of the drugs that have been pressed into development and are now at different stages of clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the current lack of effective treatments reflects a still insufficient knowledge of cartilage with respect to its metabolism, interactions with other joint tissues, and causes and mechanisms (possibly of very different nature) leading to failure of its turnover. Culture and Phenotyping of Chondrocytes in Primary CultureSylvie Thirion and Francis BerenbaumCulture of Chondrocytes in Alginate BeadsFrederic De Ceuninck, Christophe Lesur, Philippe Pastoureau, Audrey Caliez, and Massimo SabatiniImmortalization of Human Articular Chondrocytes for Generation of Stable, Differentiated Cell LinesMary B. GoldringCulture of Immortalized Chondrocytes and Their Use As Models of Chondrocyte FunctionMary B. GoldringGeneration of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiation to the Chondrocytic PhenotypeLuis A. Solchaga, Jean F. Welter, Donald P. Lennon, and Arnold I. CaplanSemiquantitative Analysis of Gene Expression in Cultured Chondrocytes by RT-PCRGaelle Rolland-ValognesQuantification of mRNA Expression Levels in Articular Chondrocytes With PCR TechnologiesAudrey McAlinden, Jochen Haag, Brigitte Bau, Pia M. Gebhard, and Thomas AignerRNA Extraction From CartilageFrederic Mallein-Gerin and Jerome GouttenoireGene Expression Analysis in Cartilage by In Situ HybridizationFrederic Mallein-Gerin and Jerome GouttenoireAnalysis of Differential Gene Expression in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Cartilage and Isolated Chondrocytes by Microarray AnalysisThomas Aigner, Joachim Saas, Alexander Zien, Ralf Zimmer, Pia M. Gebhard, and Thomas KnorrHigh-Efficiency Nonviral Transfection of Primary ChondrocytesJean F. Welter, Luis A. Solchaga, and Matthew C. StewartIn Vitro Gene Transfer to Chondrocytes and Synovial Fibroblasts by Adenoviral VectorsJean-Noel Gouze, Martin J. Stoddart, Elvire Gouze, Glyn D. Palmer, Steven C. Ghivizzani, Alan J. Grodzinsky, and Christopher H. EvansChanges of Chondrocyte Metabolism In Vitro: An Approach by Proteomic AnalysisAnne-Marie Freyria and Michel BecchiAnalysis of ChondrocyteFunctional Markers and Pericellular Matrix Components by Flow CytometryGust Verbruggen, Jun Wang, Lai Wang, Dirk Elewaut, and Eric M. VeysA Simple and Reliable Assay of Proteoglycan Synthesis by Cultured ChondrocytesFrederic De Ceuninck and Audrey CaliezAssays of Proteoglycan and Collagen Degradation in Cultures of Rabbit Cartilage ExplantsChristophe Lesur and Massimo SabatiniProduction of Antibodies Against Degradative Neoepitopes in AggrecanJohn S. Mort and Peter J. RoughleyImmunoassays for Collagens in Chondrocyte and Cartilage Explant CulturesR. Clark Billinghurst, Fackson Mwale, Anthony Hollander, Mirela Ionescu, and A. Robin PooleDetection of Apoptosis in Cartilage In Situ and in Isolated ChondrocytesDarryl D. D'Lima, Klaus Kuhn, and Martin K. LotzExpression, Activity, and Regulation of MAP Kinases in Cultured ChondrocytesJang-Soo ChunMechanical Loading of Chondrocytes Embedded in 3D Constructs: In Vitro Methods for Assessment of Morphological and Metabolic Response to Compressive StrainDavid A. Lee and Martin M. KnightIn Vitro Physical Stimulation of Tissue-Engineered and Native CartilageKelvin W. Li, Travis J. Klein, Kanika Chawla, Gayle E. Nugent, Won C. Bae, and Robert L. SahIndex