This book, Essentials of Biochemistry (Third Edition-Revised and Updated), serves as a Textbook of Biochemistry for the students of Dental, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Nursing, Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Medical Laboratory Technology, Veterinary, Agriculture, Biotechnology, Home Science, Microbiology, Genetics and other Biosciences.serves as a Textbook of Biochemistry for the students of Dental, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Nursing, Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Medical Laboratory Technology, Veterinary, Agriculture, Biotechnology, Home Science, Microbiology, Genetics and other Biosciences.is written in a lucid style with the subject being at present as an engaging story growing from elementary information to the most recent advances, and with theoretical discussions being supplemented with illustrations, tables, medical concepts/clinical correlates and case studies for easy and the standing of Biochemistry.contains medically/clinically oriented biochemistry with inputs from MD (Biochemistry) and MD (General Medicine) Professors.has essence of the subject in a nutshell for a quick review by all categories of students (including Medical), learning biochemistry.is a boon to students afraid of complicated structures, since it gives complete information and most recent advances in Biochemistry with minimal and essential structures.describes a wide variety of case studies (40) with medical correlations. The case studies are listed at the end of relevant chapters for immediate reference, quick review and better understanding of Biochemistry.contains the basics (Bioorganic and Biophysical Chemistry, Tools of Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics) for beginners to learn easily Biochemistry; Principles of Practical Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory etc.
Table of Content :- Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS List of Illustrations List of Tables SECTION ONE: Chemical Constituents of Life Chapter
1: BIOMOLECULES AND THE CELLTHE CELLEUKARYOTIC CELLINTEGRATION OF CELLULAR FUNCTIONSChapter
2: CARBOHYDRATESCLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATESMONOSACCHARIDES— STRUCTURAL ASPECTSSTRUCTURE OF GLUCOSEREACTIONS OF MONOSACCHARIDESGLYCOSIDESDERIVATIVES OF MONOSACCHARIDESDISACCHARIDESPOLYSACCHARIDESHOMOPOLYSACCHARIDESHETEROPOLYSACCHARIDESMUCOPOLYSACCHARIDESGLYCOPROTEINSChapter
3: LIPIDSFATTY ACIDSESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDSTRANS FATTY ACIDSTRIACYLGLYCEROLSPROPERTIES OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLSPHOSPHOLIPIDSGLYCOLIPIDSLIPOPROTEINSSTEROIDSCHOLESTEROLAMPHIPATHIC LIPIDSChapter
4: PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDSSTANDARD AMINO ACIDSAMINO ACIDSSTRUCTURE OF PROTEINSPRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINSECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINTERTIARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINQUATERNARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINPROPERTIES OF PROTEINSDENATURATIONCLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINSBIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT PEPTIDESChapter
5: NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDESNUCLEOTIDESBIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT NUCLEOTIDES AND THEIR FUNCTIONSSTRUCTURE OF NUCLEOTIDESSTRUCTURE OF DNADNA DOUBLE HELIXOTHER TYPES OF DNA STRUCTURESTRUCTURE OF RNATYPES OF RNACATALYTIC RNAs—RIBOZYMESChapter
6: ENZYMESNOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATIONCHEMICAL NATURE OF ENZYMESFACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITYACTIVE SITEENZYME INHIBITIONENZYME SPECIFICITYCOENZYMESMECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTIONMECHANISM OF ENZYME CATALYSISREGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE LIVING SYSTEMUNITS OF ENZYME ACTIVITYPLASMA/SERUM ENZYMESDIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF ENZYMESISOENZYMESENZYME PATTERN IN DISEASESChapter
7: VITAMINSINDIVIDUAL VITAMINSVITAMIN ABIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONSVITAMIN DMETABOLISM AND BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONSVITAMIN EVITAMIN KVITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2)NIACINPYRIDOXINE (VITAMIN B6)BIOTINPANTOTHENIC ACIDFOLIC ACIDCOBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12)INTERRELATION BETWEEN FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12—FOLATE TRAP OR METHYL TRAP HYPOTHESISVITAMIN LIKE COMPOUNDSCHOLINEINOSITOLLIPOIC ACIDPARA AMINOBENZOIC ACIDBIOFLAVONOIDSANTIVITAMINSSECTION TWO: Physiological BiochemistryChapter
8: DIGESTION AND ABSOROPTIONCARBOHYDRATESPROTEINSLIPIDSABNORMALITIES RELATED TO DIGESTION AND ABSORPTIONChapter
9: PLASMA PROTEINSALBUMINGLOBULINSα1-ANTITRYPSINHAPTOGLOBINCERULOPLASMINACUTE PHASE PROTEINSIMMUNOGLOBULINSCLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINSMULTIPLE MYELOMABLOOD CLOTTINGChapter
10: HEMOGLOBIN AND PORPHYRINSHEMOGLOBINFUNCTIONS OF HEMOGLOBINBOHR EFFECTEFFECT OF 2,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE ON O2 AFFINITY OF HbHEMOGLOBIN DERIVATIVESABNORMAL HEMOGLOBINSSICKLE-CELL ANEMIA OR SICKLE-CELL HEMOGLOBINTHALASSEMIASPORPHYRINSBIOSYNTHESIS OF HEMEPORPHYRIASDEGRADATION OF HEME TO BILE PIGMENTSJAUNDICEJAUNDICE DUE TO GENETIC DEFECTSChapter
11: BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONBIOENERGETICSHIGH-ENERGY COMPOUNDSBIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINOXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATIONMECHANISM OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATIONSECTION THREE: Metabolisms Chapter
12: INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISMChapter
13: METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATESGLYCOLYSISRAPOPORT-LEUBERING CYCLECONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO ACETYL COACITRIC ACID CYCLEGLUCONEOGENESISGLYCOGEN METABOLISMGLYCOGENESISGLYCOGENOLYSISFUTILE (SUBSTRATE) CYCLESGLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASESHEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNTURONIC ACID PATHWAYMETABOLISM OF GALACTOSEMETABOLISM OF FRUCTOSEMETABOLISM OF AMINO SUGARSChapter
14: METABOLISM OF LIPIDSFATTY ACID OXIDATIONKETONE BODIESBIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDSSYNTHESIS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLSMETABOLISM OF PHOSPHOLIPIDSMETABOLISM OF CHOLESTEROLCHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESISDEGRADATION OF CHOLESTEROLHYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIALIPOPROTEINSDISORDERS OF PLASMA LIPOPROTEINSFATTY LIVERLIPOTROPIC FACTORSATHEROSCLEROSISALCOHOL METABOLISMChapter
15: METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDSAMINO ACID POOLMETABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS—GENERAL ASPECTSTRANSAMINATIONDEAMINATIONMETABOLISM OF AMMONIAUREA CYCLEMETABOLISM OF INDIVIDUAL AMINO ACIDSGLYCINEPHENYLALANINE AND TYROSINEDISORDERS OF TYROSINE (PHENYLALANINE) METABOLISMTRYPTOPHANSULFUR AMINO ACIDSMETABOLISM OF METHIONINEONE-CARBON METABOLISMBRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDSHISTIDINE, PROLINE AND ARGININEGLUTAMATE AND GLUTAMINEFATE OF CARBON SKELETON OF AMINO ACIDSBIOGENIC AMINESChapter
16: INTEGRATION OF METABOLISMORGAN SPECIALIZATION AND METABOLIC INTEGRATIONMETABOLISM IN STARVATIONChapter
17: METABOLISM OF NUCLEOTIDESBIOSYNTHESIS OF PURINE RIBONUCLEOTIDESDEGRADATION OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDESDISORDERS OF PURINE METABOLISMBIOSYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE RIBONUCLEOTIDESChapter 18: MINERAL METABOLISMCALCIUMFACTORS REGULATING PLASMA Ca LEVELDISEASE STATESPHOSPHORUSTEETHDevelopment of teethMAGNESIUMSODIUMPOTASSIUMCHLORINEIRONCOPPERIODINEZINCCOBALTFLUORINESELENIUMCHROMIUMSECTION FOUR: Clinical Biochemistry and NutritionChapter
19: HORMONESCLASSIFICATION OF HORMONEScAMP—THE SECOND MESSENGERHYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY HORMONESHYPOTHALAMIC HORMONESANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONESI The growth hormone-prolactin groupAbnormalities of GH productionII The glycoprotein hormonesPOSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONESTHYROID HORMONESHORMONES OF ADRENAL CORTEXHORMONES OF ADRENAL MEDULLAHORMONES OF GONADSANDROGENSESTROGENSPROGESTERONETHE MENSTRUAL CYCLEMENOPAUSEGASTROINTESTIN AL HORMONESChapter
20: ORGAN FUNCTION TESTSLIVER FUNCTION TESTSBILIRUBINSERUM ENZYMES DERIVED FROM LIVERJAUNDICEKIDNEY (RENAL) FUNCTION TESTSCLEARANCE TESTSChapter
21: WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID–BASE BALANCEWATER AND LIFEWATER TURNOVER AND BALANCEELECTROLYTE BALANCEACID-BASE BALANCEMAINTENANCE OF BLOOD pHDISORDERS OF ACID-BASE BALANCEChapter
22: TISSUE PROTEINS AND BODY FLUIDSCONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEINSCOLLAGENELASTINFIBRILLINPROTEOGLYCANSKERATINSCONTRACTILE PROTEINSSTRUCTURE OF MUSCLEMUSCLE PROTEINSACTINMYOSINSPROTEIN MISFOLDING AND DISEASESBODY FLUIDSMILKCOMPOSITION OF MILKCEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)AMNIOTIC FLUIDAQUEOUS HUMORPLEURAL FLUIDChapter
23: NUTRITIONNUTRITION AND ENERGY SUPPLYUTILIZATION OF ENERGY IN MANBASAL METABOLIC RATESPECIFIC DYNAMIC ACTIONPHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BODYNUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF CARBOHYDRATESFIBER IN NUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF LIPIDSESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDSNUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINSNITROGEN BALANCENUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS AND MINERALSRECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES (RDA)BALANCED DIETNUTRITIONAL DISORDERSPROTEIN–ENERGY MALNUTRITIONOTHER NUTRITIONAL DISORDERSOBESITYMETABOLIC SYNDROMESECTION FIVE: Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyChapter
24: DNA-REPLICATION, RECOMBINATION, AND REPAIRREPLICATION OF DNAREPLICATION IN PROKARYOTESREPLICATION IN EUKARYOTESINHIBITORS OF DNA REPLICATIONCELL CYCLE AND DNA REPLICATIONTELOMERES AND TELOMERASERECOMBINATIONDAMAGE AND REPAIR OF DNATYPES OF DNA DAMAGESMUTATIONSREPAIR OF DNADEFECTS IN DNA REPAIR AND CANCERChapter
25: TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATIONGENOMETRANSCRIPTOMEPROTEOMETRANSCRIPTIONTRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTESTRANSCRIPTION IN EUKARYOTESPOST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATIONSREVERSE TRANSCRIPTIONTRANSLATIONGENETIC CODEPROTEIN BIOSYNTHESISI REQUIREMENT OF THE COMPONENTSII ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACIDSIII PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROPERINITIATION OF TRANSLATIONELONGATION OF TRANSLATIONTERMINATION OF TRANSLATIONINHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESISIV CHAPERONES AND PROTEIN FOLDINGV POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF PROTEINSPROTEIN TARGETINGMITOCHONDRIAL DNA, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATIONChapter
26: REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSIONGENE REGULATION—GENERALChapter
27: RECOMBINANT DNA AND BIOTECHNOLOGYBASIC PRINCIPLES OF rDNA TECHNOLOGYMOLECULAR TOOLS OF GENETIC ENGINEERINGHOST CELLS—THE FACTORIES OF CLONINGVECTORS—THE CLONING VEHICLESMETHODS OF GENE TRANSFERGENE CLONING STRATEGIESBASIC TECHNIQUES IN GENETIC ENGINEERINGISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDSNUCLEIC ACID BLOTTING TECHNIQUESSOUTHERN BLOTTINGNORTHERN BLOTTINGDOT-BLOTTINGDNA SEQUENCINGPOLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (DNA AMPLIFICATION)APPLICATIONS OF PCRGENE LIBRARIESDNA IN DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MEDICAL FORENSICSDNA FINGERPRINTING OR DNA PROFILINGPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS OF DNA TECHNOLOGYRECOMBINANT VACCINESRECOMBINANT VACCINES FOR COVID-19TRANSGENIC ANIMALSBIOTECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETYBENEFITS OF BIOTECHNOLOGYELSI OF BIOTECHNOLOGYChapter
28: HUMAN GENOME PROJECTTHE BIRTH AND ACTIVITY OF HUMAN GENOME PROJECTMAPPING OF THE HUMAN GENOMEAPPROACHES FOR GENOME SEQUENCINGHUMAN GENOME SEQUENCE—RESULTS SUMMARISEDBENEFITS/APPLICATIONS OF HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCINGETHICS AND HUMAN GENOMESECTION SIX: Current TopicsChapter
29: GENE THERAPYAPPROACHES FOR GENE THERAPYEX VIVO GENE THERAPYVECTORS IN GENE THERAPYTHERAPY FOR ADENOSINE DEAMINASE DEFICIENCYIN VIVO GENE THERAPYANTIGENE AND ANTISENSE THERAPYTHE FUTURE OF GENE THERAPYChapter
30: BIOINFORMATICSBROAD COVERAGE OF BIOINFORMATICSCOMPONENTS OF BIOINFORMATICSBIOINFORMATICS AND THE INTERNETBIOLOGICAL DATABASESAPPLICATIONS OF BIOINFORMATICSChapter
31: METABOLISM OF XENOBIOTICS (DETOXIFICATION)MECHANISM OF DETOXIFICATIONOxidationRole of cytochrome P450Salient features of cytochrome P450ReductionHydrolysisConjugationChapter
32: PROSTAGLANDINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDSLEUKOTRIENESChapter
33: BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES AND TRANSPORTChapter
34: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTSSOURCES AND GENERATION OF FREE RADICALSHARMFUL EFFECTS OF FREE RADICALSANTIOXIDANTS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMChapter
35: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRYATMOSPHERIC (CLIMATIC) CHANGESEXPOSURE TO COLDEXPOSURE TO HEATENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTIONORGANIC POLLUTANTSINORGANIC POLLUTANTSNOISE POLLUTIONTOXIC COMPOUNDS IN FOODSTUFFSCARCINOGENSChapter
36: INSULIN, GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS, AND DIABETES MELLITUSINSULINGLUCAGONREGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL (HOMEOSTASIS OF BLOOD GLUCOSE)HYPOGLYCEMIACLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUSChapter
37: CANCERETIOLOGYMOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCERChapter
38: ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)SECTION SEVEN: Basics to Learn BiochemistryChapter
39: INTRODUCTION TO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRYISOMERISMChapter
40: OVERVIEW OF BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRYACIDS AND BASESBUFFERSSOLUTIONSCOLLOIDAL STATEDIFFUSIONOSMOSISDONNAN MEMBRANE EQUILIBRIUMVISCOSITYSURFACE TENSIONADSORPTIONISOTOPESChapter 41: TOOLS OF BIOCHEMISTRYCHROMATOGRAPHYELECTROPHORESISPHOTOMETRY—COLORIMETER AND SPECTROPHOTOMETERFLAME PHOTOMETRYULTRACENTRIFUGATIONRADIOIMMUNOASSAYENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYHYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGYChapter
42: IMMUNOLOGYINNATE IMMUNITYTHE IMMUNE SYSTEMORGANIZATION OF IMMUNE SYSTEMCELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMMAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEXTHE COMPLEMENT SYSTEMTHE IMMUNE RESPONSECYTOKINESIMMUNITY IN HEALTH AND DISEASEAUTOIMMUNE DISEASESORGAN TRANSPLANTATION CANCERSAIDSChapter
43: GENETICS BRIEF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICSBASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITY IN HUMANSPATTERNS OF INHERITANCEGENETIC DISEASES IN HUMANSEUGENICSSELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISESAPPENDICESABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOKPRACTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-PRINCIPLESCLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORYCASE STUDIES WITH BIOCHEMICAL CORRELATIONS INDEX.