Description
Taylor & Francis Ltd Fundamentals Of Mri 2009 Edition by Elizabeth Berry, Andrew J. Bulpitt
Fundamentals of MRI: An Interactive Learning Approach explores the physical principles that underpin the technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).After covering background mathematics, physics, and digital imaging, the book presents fundamental physical principles, including magnetization and rotating reference frame. It describes how relaxation mechanisms help predict tissue contrast and how an MR signal is localized to a selected slice through the body. The text then focuses on frequency and phase encoding. It also explores the spin-echo sequence, its scan parameters, and additional imaging sequences, such as inversion recovery and gradient echo.The authors enhance the learning experience with practical materials. Along with questions, exercises, and solutions, they include ten interactive programs on the accompanying CD-ROM. These programs not only allow concepts to be clearly demonstrated and further developed, but also provide an opportunity to engage in the learning process through guided exercises.By providing a solid, hands-on foundation in the physics of MRI, this textbook helps students gain confidence with core concepts before they move on to further study or practical training. IntroductionThe Fundamentals of MRIAn Interactive Learning ApproachUsing the Programs from Windows (R) Operating SystemsNon-Windows Operating SystemsStructure of the BookMathematics, Physics, and Imaging for MRILearning OutcomesMathematics for MRIPhysics for MRIImaging for MRIClinical Imaging Terms for MRIBasic Physical PrinciplesLearning OutcomesSpins and the Net Magnetization VectorThe Larmor EquationNuclear Magnetic ResonanceLongitudinal and Transverse MagnetizationRotating Frame of ReferenceRelaxation MechanismsLearning OutcomesT1 and T2 RelaxationEffect of Magnetic Field Strength on Relaxation MechanismsSaturation Recovery Graphs and Tissue ContrastContrast AgentsSlice SelectionLearning OutcomesGradient FieldsGradient Fields for Slice SelectionRF Pulse for Slice Selection: Center Frequency and Transmitted BandwidthThe Slice Selection ProgramAcquiring Several SlicesAdditional Self-Assessment QuestionsFrequency EncodingLearning OutcomesPrinciples of Frequency EncodingGradient Fields for Frequency EncodingThe Frequency Encoding DemonstratorEffect of Gradient Strength and Receiver Bandwidth on Field of View (FOV)Additional Self-Assessment QuestionsPhase EncodingLearning OutcomesPrinciples of Phase EncodingGradient Fields for Phase EncodingThe Phase Encoding DemonstratorThe Effect of Gradient Strength and Duration on Phase ShiftRepeated Phase Encoding Steps The Data MatrixAdditional Self-Assessment QuestionsThe Spin-Echo Imaging SequenceLearning OutcomesThe Concept of the Spin-Echo SequenceDemonstration of the Principles of the Spin-Echo SequenceTR and TETiming DiagramAdditional Self-Assessment QuestionsScan Parameters for the Spin-Echo Imaging SequenceLearning OutcomesImage Gray-Scale CharacteristicsImage Spatial CharacteristicsImage Noise CharacteristicsScan TimeThe Spin-Echo Image SimulatorSystem Performance AssessmentFurther Imaging SequencesLearning OutcomesInversion Recovery SequenceThe Inversion Recovery Image SimulatorThe Gradient-Echo SequenceFlow PhenomenaFlow Phenomena Demonstrator: Spin-Echo Imaging SequenceMagnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)Multiple-Choice QuestionsMultiple-Choice QuestionsAnswers to Multiple-Choice QuestionsIndex