Description
SPRINGER Geology And Geochemistry Of Molybdenum Deposits In The Qinling Orogen P R China (Hb 2022) by CHEN Y.
This book is the first systematic treatise of available data and view-points obtained from geological and geochemical studies of the Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen, China. Qinling Orogen has a minimum reserve of 8.7 Mt Mo, ranking the largest molybdenum province both in China and the world. Incorporating all known Mo deposit types in the world, it presents extensive studies of Mo deposits of world-class and unusual types within tectonic settings. The Qinling Orogen was finally formed during continental collision between Yangtze and North China cratons, following the Triassic closure of the northernmost paleo-Tethys. It hosts 49 Mo deposits formed in seven mineralization events since 1850 Ma, with all the world-class deposits being formed during 160-105 Ma, coeval with collisional orogeny. These deposits are assigned to magmatic and metamorphic hydrothermal classes. The magmatic hydrothermal class includes porphyries, skarns, and intrusion-related veins (carbonatite, fluorite and quartz). The porphyry Mo systems in Qinling Orogen are predominated by Dabie-type formed in continental collision setting, followed by Endako- and Climax-types formed in continental arcs and rifts, respectively. The metamorphic hydrothermal Mo deposits are only reported in Qinling Orogen, and thus a new crustal continuum model for the orogenic class mineral systems is proposed. A scientific linkage between ore geology and fluid inclusions is introduced and verified both by theory and case studies. This is the first research book comprehensively displaying continental collision metallogeny. This literature will benefit both Western and Chinese mineral explorers and miners, as well as research scientists and students. Chapter 1 Geological backgroundAbstract1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Tectonic location and framework1.1.2 Inventory of main ore types and commodities 1.2 Formation and geology of Qinling Orogen 1.2.1 Outline1.2.2 Formation and geotectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogen 1.2.3 Major geologic events in the Qinling Orogen 1.3 Basement formation in southern North China Craton 1.3.1 Multi-terrane structure of SNCC1.3.2 Qingyanggou-type greenstone belt and the primitive crust1.3.3 Beizi-type greenstone belt and Shipaihe Complex: continental nuclei1.3.4 The Junzhao and Dangzehe greenstone belts1.3.5 Rhyacian stratigraphic unit and the divergence of Xiaoshan Terrane1.3.6 Orosirian stratigraphic unit and cratonization1.4 Tectonic setting of Xiong'er and Xiyanghe groups: application of differentiation index1.4.1 Preamble1.4.2 Tectonic models of the Xiong'er and Xiyanghe groups1.4.3 Linking igneous DI population with tectonic settings1.4.4 Concluding remarks1.5 Triassic tectonic setting and Indosinian Orogeny1.5.1 Sedimentation1.5.2 Magmatism1.5.3 Metallogenesis1.5.4 Concluding remarks1.6 Yanshanian tectonism and magmatism1.6.1 Geology and geochemistry of the Yanshanian granitoids 1.6.2 Differences between the mid- and late Yanshanian granitoids 1.6.3 Tectonic implications1.6.4 Concluding remarksReferencesChapter 2 Mo mineralization types, in space and time Abstract2.1 Introduction 2.2 Trichotomy of endogenic processes 2.2.1 Epizonogenism and trichotomy of endogenic processes 2.2.2 Comparison of epizonogenism with other related terms 2.3 Three classes of hydrothermal mineral systems 2.3.1 Trichotomy of hydrothermal mineral systems2.3.2 Epizonogenic hydrothermal mineral system 2.3.3 Metamorphic-hydrothermal mineral system 2.3.4 Magmatic hydrothermal mineral systems 2.4 Genetic types of Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen 2.5 Mineralization in space and time 2.5.1 Mineralization: spatial relationships2.5.2 Mineralization: temporal relationshipsReferencesChapter 3 Porphyry Mo depositsAbstract 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Classification of porphyry Mo deposits 3.1.2 Outline of porphyry Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen 3.2 The Jinduicheng Mo deposit 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Regional geology 3.2.3 Ore-causative porphyry 3.2.4 Ore geology 3.2.5 Fluid inclusions3.2.6 Ore deposit geochemistry 3.2.7 Timing of mineralization3.2.8 Concluding remarks3.3 The Donggou Mo deposit3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Local geology3.3.3 Donggou granite porphyry3.3.4 Ore geology 3.3.5 Fluid inclusions 3.3.6 Isotope geochemistry 3.3.7 Timing of mineralization 3.3.8 Concluding remarks 3.4 The Yuchiling Mo deposit 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Regional and deposit geology3.4.3 Host and ore-causative granitic intrusions 3.4.4 Alteration and mineralization 3.4.5 Fluid inclusion geochemistry3.4.6 Isotopic geochemistry 3.4.7 Geochronology 3.4.8 Discussion 3.4.9 Concluding remarks 3.5 The Leimengou Mo deposit 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 Regional and deposit geology 3.5.3 The ore-causative porphyry3.5.4 Ore Geology 3.5.5 Fluid inclusion studies 3.5.6 Isotope studies 3.5.7 Geochronology 3.5.8 Summary and concluding remarks 3.6 The Wenquan Mo deposit 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6.2 Regional and deposit geology 3.6.3 The ore-causative granite3.6.4 Alteration and mineralization 3.6.5 Fluid inclusions studies3.6.6 Isotope geochemistry 3.6.7 Timing of mineralization3.6.8. Concluding remarksReferencesChapter 4 Porphyry-skarn Mo ore systems Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Nannihu-Sandaozhuang Mo-W deposit 4.2.1 Introduction4.2.2 Local Geology 4.2.3 The ore-causative porphyry 4.2.4 Ore geology 4.2.5 Fluid inclusions4.2.6 Ore geochemistry4.2.7 Timing of the mineralization4.2.8 Concluding remarks4.3 The Shangfanggou Mo-Fe deposit 4.3.1 Introduction4.3.2 Regional and local geology4.3.3 The ore-causative granite porphyry4.3.4 Ore geology 4.3.5 Fluid inclusions 4.3.6 Ore geochemistry 4.3.7 Molybdenite Re-Os chronology 4.3.8 Concluding remarks4.4 Qiushuwan Cu-Mo deposit4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Regional and local geology 4.4.3 Ore-causative porphyry4.4.4 Ore geology 4.4.5 Fluid inclusions 4.4.6 Isotope geochemistry 4.4.7 Timing of mineralization4.4.8 Discussion4.4.9 Concluding remarks 4.5 The Yinjiagou Mo-polymetal deposit4.5.1 Introduction4.5.2 Regional and local geology 4.5.3 Ore-causative porphyry4.5.4 Ore geology 4.5.5 Fluid inclusions4.5.6 Ore geochemistry 4.5.7 Geochronology4.5.8 Concluding remarks ReferenceChapter 5 Magmatic hydrothermal vein systemsAbstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Zhaiwa quartz vein Mo-Cu deposit 5.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2 Regional geology 5.2.3 Ore geology 5.2.4 Fluid inclusions 5.2.5 Isotope geochemistry 5.2.6 Re-Os geochronology5.2.7 Discussion 5.2.8 Concluding remarks5.3 Tumen molybdenite-fluorite vein system5.3.1 Introduction5.3.2 Regional geology5.3.3 Ore geology5.3.4 Fluid inclusions5.3.5 Fluorite REY geochemistry 5.3.6 Isotope geochemistry 5.3.7 Re Os geochronology 5.3.8 Discussion 5.3.9 Conclusions5.4 Huanglongpu carbonatite-hosted Mo ore-field5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Geology of the Huanglongpu Mo ore-field5.4.3 Carbonatite dykes 5.4.4 Ore geology5.4.5 Mineral chemistry5.4.6 Fluid inclusion5.4.7 Isotope geochemistry5.4.8 Geochronology5.4.9 Discussion5.4.10 ConclusionsReferencesChapter 6 Metamorphic hydrothermal (orogenic-type) systemsAbstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Waifangshan Mo-quartz vein cluster 6.2.1 Introduction 6.2.2 Regional geology 6.2.3 Ore geology6.2.4 Fluid inclusions 6.2.5 Isotope geochemistry 6.2.6 Geochronology6.2.7 Discussion: ore genesis and tectonic model6.2.8 Concluding remarks6.3 The Dahu Au-Mo deposit6.3.1 Introduction6.3.2 Geological background6.3.3 Ore geology6.3.4 Fluid inclusions6.3.5 Isotope geochemistry 6.3.6 Geochronology6.3.7 Discussion6.3.8 Concluding remarks6.4 The Longmendian Mo deposit6.4.1 Introduction6.4.2 Regional geology 6.4.3 Deposit geology6.4.4 Fluid inclusion6.4.5 Geochronology6.4.6. Discussion 6.4.7 Concluding remarksReferences Chapter 7 Mineralization and Its Controls Abstract 7.1 Spatial distribution and collisional orogeny7.1.1 Mo mineralization and crustal thickness 7.1.2 Basement control 7.1.3 Fault control 7.2 Temporal distribution and orogenic events7.2.1 Mineralization events and orogenies 7.2.2 Timing variation in terms of space7.2.3 Timing variation in terms of genetic type 7.3 Host rocks and their control on mineralization 7.3.1 Age of host rocks 7.3.2 Lithology of host rocks 7.3.3 Physicochemical feature of host rocks7.3.4 Mo contents of host rocks 7.4 The ore-causative granitoids7.4.1 Granitoids aged 198 225 Ma7.4.2 Granitoids aged 133 158 Ma7.4.3 Granitoids aged 108 125 Ma7.5 Hydrothermal process and mineralization 7.5.1 Metal association and zonation 7.5.2 Hydrothermal alteration and zonation 7.5.3 Four-stage hydrothermal mineralization 7.6 The ore-forming fluids 7.6.1 Nature of ore-forming fluid and its tectonic control 7.6.2 Relationship between CO2 and Mo enrichment7.7 Re contents of molybdenite 7.8 Concluding remarksReferencesshow more