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SPRINGER Germ Cell Protocols Volume 2 Molecular Embryo Analysis Live Imaging Transgenesis And Cloning by SCHATTEN H.
The study of germ cells has undergone enormous advances in recent years and has entered into an explosive phase of new discoveries with the introd- tion of transgenic technologies and nuclear cloning. Basic knowledge and te- niques developed for lower vertebrate and invertebrate systems have facilitated the study of higher vertebrates, including humans. Many experiments that have first been performed on lower vertebrates provided the tools and strategies that could later be applied to other less readily available mammalian systems. The discovery of centrosomes in ascidians and sea urchin eggs now benefits st- ies of fertility and infertility in mammals including humans. External in vitro fertilization, now a common technique in assisted fertilization has only been possible as a result of numerous studies in lower systems in which external fertilization is natural. Egg activation, first explored in sea urchin and asc- ian eggs, now benefits cloning efficiency in farm and domestic animals. Gene manipulations and molecular methods have added to the possibilities of p- ducing live offspring with enormous biomedical, ecological, and economic implications. All sexually reproducing organisms produce primordial germ cells, a small population of cells that differentiate into gametes of either sex that carry to- potency, an ability to develop into an entire new organism. The two volumes on germ cells combine techniques in a variety of different systems and have selected those systems that have provided landmarks in advancing our kno- edge on germ cells. Activity of the Germline-Specific Oct4-GFP Transgene in Normal and Clone Mouse EmbryosMichele Boiani, James Kehler, and Hans R. SchoelerAnalysis of Germline Chromatin Silencing by Double-Stranded RNA-Mediated Interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegansMonika A. Jedrusik and Ekkehard SchulzecDNA Subtraction and Cloning in the Field of Trophoblast/Placental DevelopmentMyriam HembergerPCR-Based Cloning and Differential Screening of RNAs from Xenopus Primordial Germ Cells: Cloning Uniquely Expressed RNAs from Rare CellsThiagarajan Venkataraman, Elio Dancausse, and Mary Lou KingDifferentiating Embryonic Stem Cells into Embryoid BodiesGisele Hoepfl, Max Gassmann, and Isabelle DesbailletsThe Derivation of Murine Embryonic Stem and Embryonic Germ Cells by Selective AblationEdward J. Gallagher and Jim McWhirUsing Multiphoton Excitation to Explore the Murky Depths of Developing EmbryosJayne M. Squirrell and John G. WhiteDual-Channel Confocal Ratioing of Calcium Dynamics in Living Eggs and OocytesStephen A. StrickerA Method for Producing Cloned Pigs by Using Somatic Cells as DonorsLiangxue Lai and Randall S. PratherPronuclear Microinjection of Mouse ZygotesThomas RulickeParthenogenesis and Nuclear Transfer in Rabbit OocytesYukio Tsunoda and Yoko KatoNuclear Transfer in CattleGottfried Brem and Manzoor A. NowshariIn Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in FelidsCharles Earle PopeProduction of Chimeric ChickensMitsuru Naito and Takashi KuwanaProduction of Haploid and Diploid Androgenetic ZebrafishBruce P. Brandhorst and Graham E. Corley-SmithConstruction and Detection of Fluorescent, Germline Transgenic ZebrafishElwood Linney and Ava J. UdvadiaProduction of Zebrafish Germline Chimeras fromCultured CellsLianchun Fan, Annette Alestrom, Peter Alestrom, and Paul CollodiStudying Nuclear Reprogramming with Cell HybridsSteve Pells and Jim McWhirCytoplasmic Transfer in Mammalian Eggs and EmbryosHenry E. MalterConventional Technologies for Cryopreservation of Human Oocytes and EmbryosMichael J. Tucker, Sharon Shipley, and Juergen LiebermannVitrifying and Warming of Human Oocytes, Embryos, and Blastocysts: Vitrification Procedures as an Alternative to Conventional CryopreservationJuergen Liebermann, and Michael J. TuckerMicrofluidic Removal of Cumulus Cells from Mammalian ZygotesHenry C. Zeringue and David J. BeebeMammalian Embryo Culture in a Microfluidic DeviceEric M. Walters, Sherrie G. Clark, David J. Beebe, and Matthew B. WheelerApplication of Alginate Gels to the Study of Mammalian DevelopmentRichard L. GardnerUsing TUNEL in Combination with an Active Caspase-3 Immunoassay to Identify Cells Undergoing Apoptosis in Preimplantation Mammalian EmbryosSteven F. Mullen and John K. CritserIndex