Glycobiology Protocols by Inka Brockhausen , Humana Press Inc.

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Humana Press Inc. Glycobiology Protocols by Inka Brockhausen

Glycobiology involves studies of complex carbohydrates and posttrans- tional modifications of proteins, and has become an important interdiscip- nary field encompassing chemistry, biochemistry, biology, physiology, and pathology. Although initial research was directed toward elucidation of the different carbohydrate structures and the enzymes synthesizing them, the field has now moved toward identifying the functions of carbohydrates. The pro- cols described in Glycobiology Protocols form a solid basis for investigations of glycan functions in health and disease. The cloning of many of the genes participating in glycosylation processes has helped to enhance our knowledge of how glycosylation is controlled, but has also added another dimension of complexity to the great heterogeneous variety of the structures of the oligos- charides of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. A family of similar enzyme proteins exists for each glycosylation step. Glycosyltransferases are extremely specific for both the nucleotide sugar donor and the acceptor s- strate, but many other factors control sugar transfer, including the locali- tion and topology of enzymes, cofactors, possible chaperone proteins, and the availability of sugar acceptor substrates. The analysis of the intracellular organization of glycosylation and of the factors controlling the activities of the participating enzymes in the cell are important areas that need more research efforts. Another challenge for future research is to understand the glycodynamics of a cell, that is, how the cell responds to stimuli leading to biological and pathological changes in terms of alterations in glycosylation, and how this affects the biology of the cell._x000D_ _x000D_ The Application of Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE) for the Study of the Dolichol Pyrophosphate-Linked Oligosaccharides Pathway in Cell Cultures and Animal Tissues_x000D_ Ningguo Gao_x000D_ _x000D_ Partial Purification of Mannosylphosphorylundecaprenol Synthase from Micrococcus luteus: A Useful Enzyme for the Biosynthesis of a Variety of Mannosylphosphorylpolyisoprenol Products_x000D_ Jeffrey S. Rush and Charles J. Waechter _x000D_ _x000D_ Assay of Dolichyl-Phospho-Mannose Synthase Reconstituted in a Lipid Matrix_x000D_ John S. Schutzbach_x000D_ _x000D_ O-Mannosylation in Mammalian Cells_x000D_ Tamao Endo and Hiroshi Manya _x000D_ _x000D_ Methods for Analysis of Unusual Forms of O-glycosylation_x000D_ Aleksandra Nita-Lazar and Robert S. Haltiwanger_x000D_ _x000D_ Structural Analysis of Naturally Occurring Sialic Acids_x000D_ Johannis P. Kamerling and Gerrit J. Gerwig _x000D_ _x000D_ Non-Radioactive Trans-Sialidase Screening Assay_x000D_ Silke Schrader and Roland Schauer_x000D_ _x000D_ Structural Determination of O-Glycans by Tandem Mass Spectrometry_x000D_ Catherine Robbe, Jean-Claude Michalski, and Calliope Capon_x000D_ _x000D_ Detailed Structural Analysis of N-glycans Released from Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE Gel Bands Using HPLC Combined with Exoglycosidase Array Digestions_x000D_ Louise Royle, Catherine M. Radcliffe, Raymond A. Dwek, and Pauline M. Rudd_x000D_ _x000D_ Molecular Modelling of Glycosyltransferases_x000D_ Anne Imberty, Michaela Wimmerova, Jaroslav Koca, and Christelle Breton_x000D_ _x000D_ b-Galactoside a2,6 Sialyltransferase (ST6Gal.I) and the Sialyl a2,6-galactosyl-linkage in Tissues and Cell Lines_x000D_ Fabio Dall'Olio, Nadia Malagolini, and Mariella Chiricolo_x000D_ _x000D_ Visualizing Intracellular Distribution and Activity of Core 2 b(1,6)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (C2GnT-I) in Living Cells_x000D_ Maelle Prorok-Hamon, Sylvie Mathieu, and Assou El-Battari_x000D_ _x000D_ Gene Expression Analysis of Glycosylation-Related Genes by Real-Time PCR_x000D_ Juan J. Garcia-Vallejo, Sonja I. Gringhuis, Willem van Dijk, and Irma van Die_x000D_ _x000D_ Analysis of the Glycodynamics of Primary Osteoblasts and Bone Cancer Cells_x000D_ Inka Brockhausen, Xiaojing Yang, and Mark Harrison_x000D_ _x000D_ Micromethods for the Characterization of Lipid A-Core and O Antigen Lipopolysaccharide_x000D_ Cristina L. Marolda, Piya Lahiry, Enrique Vines, Soledad Saldias, and Miguel A. Valvano_x000D_ _x000D_ Assays for a Galactosyltransferase Involved in the Assembly of the O7 Antigen Repeat Unit of Escherichia coli_x000D_ Inka Brockhausen, Walter A. Szarek, John G. Riley, and Jason Vlahakis_x000D_ _x000D_ High Through-Put Quantitation of Metabolically Labeled Anionic Glycoconjugates by Scintillation Proximity Assay Utilizing Binding to Cationic Dyes_x000D_ Karen J. Rees-Milton and Tassos P. Anastassiades_x000D_ _x000D_ Quantitative Analysis of Mucins in Mucosal Secretions Using Indirect ELISA_x000D_ Pablo Argueso and Ilene K. Gipson_x000D_ _x000D_ Molecular Dissection of the Mouse Zona Pellucida: An Electron Microscopic Perspective Utilizing High Resolution Colloidal-Gold Labeling Methods_x000D_ Frederick W.K. Kan_x000D_ _x000D_ Soluble Adamantly GSL Analogues as Probes of GSL Function_x000D_ Clifford Lingwood, Skanda Sadacharan, Maan Abul-Milh, Murugespillai Mylvaganum, and Marcus Peter_x000D_ _x000D_ Diagnosis of Krabbe Disease by Use of a Natural Substrate_x000D_ John W. Callahan and Marie-Anne Skomorowski_x000D_ _x000D_ In Vitro Assays of the Functions of Calnexin and Calreticulin, Lectin-Chaperones of the Endoplasmic Reticulum_x000D_ Breanna S. Ireland, Monika Niggemann, and David B.Williams _x000D_ _x000D_ Quantitative Measurement of Selectin-Ligand Interactions: Assays to Identify a Sweet Pill in a Library of Carbohydrates_x000D_ Mark E. Beauharnois, Sriram Neelamegham, and Khushi L. Matta_x000D_ _x000D_ Sialic Acid Binding Specificities of Siglecs_x000D_ Nadine Bock and Soerge Kelm_x000D_