Description
Cambridge Good Kids From Bad Neighborhoods Successful Development In Social Context by Delbert S. Elliott , Scott Menard
This is a study of successful youth development in poor, disadvantaged neighborhoods in Denver and Chicago - a study of how children living in the worst neighborhoods develop or fail to develop the values, competencies and commitments that lead to a productive, healthy responsible adult life. While there is a strong focus on neighborhood effects, the study employs a multicontextual model examining both the direct effects of the neighborhood ecology, social organization and contexts embedded in the neighborhood. The unique and combined influence of the neighborhood, family, school, peer group and individual attributes on developmental success is estimated. The view that growing up in a poor, disadvantaged neighborhood condemns one to a life of repeated failure and personal pathology is revealed as a myth, as most youth in these neighborhoods are completing the developmental tasks of adolescence successfully. Foreword (David W. Bates)PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. America's Drug ProblemsAmerica's "Other" Drug ProblemDrug MisadventuresThe Medication Use SystemDrug Supply ProblemsPoor Prescribing, Dispensing, and Administration of DrugsPoor Patient CommunicationDrug Companies' Contributions to the ProblemA Broken Part of a Larger Broken SystemSummaryChapter 2. The Nature and Scope of the Medication Safety ProblemThe Nature of the ProblemThe Scope of the ProblemAdverse Drug Event SeverityCost of the ProblemDrugs Commonly Associated with Adverse Drug EventsSummaryChapter 3. How Medication Harms PatientsPatient Factors That Contribute to Adverse Drug EventsDrug Factors That Contribute to Adverse Drug EventsUnsafe Practices That Contribute to Adverse Drug EventsWhy Unsafe Medication Practices HappenPredicting Who Makes Medication ErrorsManaging Behavior to Reduce Medication ErrorsBlaming Health Professionals for ErrorsAdverse Drug Events Due to Host-Drug InteractionWhat Is Preventable?Solutions to Preventing Adverse Drug EventsSummaryChapter 4. The Problem of Adverse Drug ReactionsDefinitionsTypes of Adverse Drug ReactionsCase ExamplesRecognizing and Reporting Adverse Drug ReactionsEpidemiology of Adverse Drug ReactionsPoor Practices That Contribute to Adverse Drug ReactionsBlack-Box WarningsRecognizing and Assessing Adverse Drug ReactionsHarmonizing DefinitionsTreatmentSummaryChapter 5. Dangerous Allergic Drug ReactionsDefinitionsTypes of Allergic Drug ReactionsCase ExamplesRecognitionEpidemiologyPoor PracticesTreatmentPreventionSummaryChapter 6. Are Drug Interactions Really Dangerous?DefinitionsCase ExamplesHow Drug Interactions HappenEpidemiologyCostPreventionDetecting Harmful Drug Interactions Is Not So EasyThe Pharmacist's Duty to WarnWhich Drug Interactions Are the Most Harmful?TreatmentPatient EducationSummary Chapter 7. The Most Dangerous Drug MisadventureBackgroundDefinitionsError ClassificationCase ExamplesEpidemiologyPatientsCostWhat Is the Problem?Common Types of Medication ErrorsSentinel EventsMajor Causes of Medication ErrorSummaryChapter 8. Are Vaccines Safe?Benefits versus RisksEvaluation of RiskSeverity of Adverse Vaccine EventsAssessing Whether a Vaccine Is the Cause of an Adverse EventVaccine Injury CompensationEmotion versus ScienceCurrent Vaccine Safety ControversiesEtiology of Adverse Vaccine EventsLessons Learned: Changes That Are NeededSummaryChapter 9. Probing the Ambulatory FrontierAmbulatory CareEpidemiologyMedication Risks in the Ambulatory EnvironmentSome SolutionsSummaryChapter 10. The Liability for Drug InjuryDrug Injury OutcomesCase ExamplesPreventabilityBlameRemediesMedical Malpractice Claims for Drug InjuryThe Role of Expert Testimony in Drug Injury ClaimsClaims, Verdicts, and Settlements for Drug InjuryRisk ManagementSummaryChapter 11. Assessing the Evidence of Drug InjuryFinding Supporting Evidence on "Can It Happen?"Evidence-Based Medicine StudiesDid the Drug Cause the Adverse Event?How Did It Occur?Gaps Between What Is Known and PracticeSummary Chapter 12. Detecting and Documenting Adverse Drug EventsRetrospective Methods of Detecting ADEsConcurrent Methods of Detecting Adverse Drug EventsComparing the Various Ways to Detect Adverse Drug EventsInnovative Methods of Detecting Adverse Drug EventsDocumenting Adverse Drug EventsSummaryChapter 13. Investigating, Assessing, and Reporting Adverse Drug EventsInvestigating Adverse Drug EventsAssessing Adverse Drug EventsReporting Adverse Drug EventsOther Reporting MethodsComparing Medication Error RatesDeficiencies in Reporting Adverse Drug EventsSummaryChapter 14. Can Serious Adverse Drug Events Be Predicted?What Causes Adverse Drug Effects?The Current State of Computerized Medication-Use SystemsThe Ideal Adverse Drug Event SystemIdentifying Risks for Adverse Drug EventsPotential Risk Factors for Adverse Drug EventsPredicting Adverse Drug EventsBuilding a ModelApplication of Risk ModelGenomicsSummaryChapter 15. Preventing and Reducing Medication InjuryWhat Is the Goal?Evidence-Based Safe Medication PracticesBest Practices to Improve Medication SafetyInnovative Practices to Improve Medication SafetySummaryChapter 16. What's a Patient to Do?Patient NeedsFulfilling Patients' NeedsPatient and Practitioner EducationTips for PatientsTips for PractitionersSummaryChapter 17. Developing National and Local Plans to Improve Medication SafetyThe National Landscape for Improving Medication SafetyProgress Since the First IOM ReportLocal Plans to Improve Medication SafetyTools for Improving Medication SafetySummaryChapter 18. Improving Medication Safety: Pursuing Optimization or Perpetuating Illusions?Some Macro Issues and Proposed SolutionsIs Progress Being Made?Pockets of ResistanceWhat Is Needed?SummaryNotesIndex