Description
WILEY INDIA Handbook Of Power Systems Engineering With Power Electronics Applications 2Nd Edition by Yoshihide Hase
Formerly known as Handbook of Power System Engineering, this second edition provides rigorous revisions to the original treatment of systems analysis together with a substantial new four-chapter section on power electronics applications. Encompassing a whole range of equipment, phenomena, and analytical approaches, this handbook offers a complete overview of power systems and their power electronics applications, and presents a thorough examination of the fundamental principles, combining theories and technologies that are usually treated in separate specialised fields, in a single unified hierarchy.
About the Author
Yoshihide Hase is currently a lecturer of Electrical Engineering at Kokushikan University in Tokyo. He graduated from Kyoto University in 1960 with a degree in Electrical Engineering before completing an Advanced Power Systems Engineering Course of General Electrics in Schenectady
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BOOK REVIEW
Preface
Acknowledgements
About The Author
Introduction
1 Overhead Transmission Lines and Their Circuit Constants
1.1 Overhead Transmission Lines with LR Constants
1.2 Stray Capacitance of Overhead Transmission Lines
1.3 Working Inductance and Working Capacitance
1.4 Supplement: Proof of Equivalent Radius req () for a Multi-bundled Conductor
2 Symmetrical Coordinate Method (Symmetrical Components)
2.1 Fundamental Concept of Symmetrical Components
2.2 Definition of Symmetrical Components
2.3 Conversion of Three-phase Circuit into Symmetrical Coordinated Circuit
2.4 Transmission Lines by Symmetrical Components
2.5 Typical Transmission Line Constants
2.6 Generator by Symmetrical Components (Easy Description)
2.7 Description of Three-phase Load Circuit by Symmetrical Components
3 Fault Analysis By Symmetrical Components
3.1 Fundamental Concept of Symmetrical Coordinate Method
3.2 Line-to-ground Fault (Phase a to Ground Fault: 1fG)
3.3 Fault Analysis at Various Fault Modes
3.4 Conductor Opening
4 Fault Analysis of Parallel Circuit Lines (Including Simultaneous Double Circuit Fault)
4.1 Two-phase Circuit and its Symmetrical Coordinate Method
4.2 Double Circuit Line by Two-phase Symmetrical Transformation
4.3 Fault Analysis of Double Circuit Line (General Process)
4.4 Single Circuit Fault on the Double Circuit Line
4.5 Double Circuit Fault at Single Point f
4.6 Simultaneous Double Circuit Faults at Different Points f, F on the Same Line
5 Per Unit Method And Introduction of Transformer Circuit
5.1 Fundamental Concept of the PU Method
5.2 PU Method for Three-phase Circuits
5.3 Three-phase Three-winding Transformer, its Symmetrical Components Equations, and the Equivalent Circuit
5.4 Base Quantity Modification of Unitized Impedance
5.5 Autotransformer
5.6 Numerical Example to Find the Unitized Symmetrical Equivalent Circuit
5.7 Supplement: Transformation from Equation 5.18 to Equation 5.19
6 The ab0 Coordinate Method (Clarke Components) and Its Application
6.1 Definition of ab0 Coordinate Method (ab0 Components)
6.2 Interrelation Between ab0 Components and Symmetrical Components
6.3 Circuit Equation and Impedance by the ab0 Coordinate Method
6.4 Three-phase Circuit in ab0 Components
6.5 Fault Analysis by ab0 Components
7 Symmetrical And Ab0 Components as Analytical Tools For Transient Phenomena
7.1 The Symbolic Method and its Application to Transient Phenomena
7.2 Transient Analysis by Symmetrical and ab0 Components
7.3 Comparison of Transient Analysis by Symmetrical and ab0 Components
8 Neutral Grounding Methods
8.1 Comparison of Neutral Grounding Methods
8.2 Over voltages on the Unfaulted Phases Caused by a Line-to-ground fault
8.3 Arc-suppression Coil (Petersen Coil) Neutral Grounded Method
8.4 Possibility of Voltage Resonance
9 Visual Vector Diagrams of Voltages and Currents Under Fault Conditions
9.1 Three-phase Fault: 3fS, 3fG (Solidly Neutral Grounding System, High-resistive Neutral Grounding System)
9.2 Phase b--c Fault: 2fS (for Solidly Neutral Grounding System, High-resistive Neutral Grounding System)
9.3 Phase a to Ground Fault: 1fG (Solidly Neutral Grounding System)
9.4 Double Line-to-ground (Phases b and c) Fault: 2fG (Solidly Neutral Grounding System)
9.5 Phase a Line-to-ground Fault: 1fG (High-resistive Neutral Grounding System)
9.6 Double Line-to-ground (Phases b and c) Fault: 2fG (High-resistive Neutral Grounding System)
10 Theory of Generators
10.1 Mathematical Description of a Synchronous Generator
10.2 Introduction of d--q--0 Method (d--q--0 Components)
10.3 Transformation of Generator Equations from a--b--c to d--q--0 Domain
10.4 Generator Operating Characteristics and its Vector Diagrams on d- and q-axes Plane
10.5 Transient Phenomena and the Generator's Transient Reactances
10.6 Symmetrical Equivalent Circuits of Generators
10.7 Laplace-transformed Generator Equations and the Time Constants
10.8 Measuring of Generator Reactances
10.9 Relations Between the d--q--0 and a--b--0 Domains
10.10 Detailed Calculation of Generator Short-circuit Transient Current under Load Operation
10.11 Supplement
11 Apparent Power and Its Expression In The 0--1--2 AND d--q--0 Domains
11.1 Apparent Power and its Symbolic Expression for Arbitrary Waveform Voltages and Currents
11.2 Apparent Power of a Three-phase Circuit in the 0--1--2 Domain
11.3 Apparent Power in the d--q--0 Domain
12 Generating Power and Steady-State Stability
12.1 Generating Power and the P--d and Q--d Curves
12.2 Power Transfer Limit between a Generator and a Power System Network
12.3 Supplement: Derivation of Equation 12.17 from Equations 12.15st and 12.16
13 The Generator as Rotating Machinery
13.1 Mechanical (Kinetic) Power and Generating (Electrical) Power
13.2 Kinetic Equation of the Generator
13.3 Mechanism of Power Conversion from Rotor Mechanical Power to Stator Electrical Power
13.4 Speed Governors, the Rotating Speed Control Equipment for Generators
14 Transient / Dynamic Stability, P--Q--V Characteristics and Voltage Stability of A Power System
14.1 Steady-state Stability, Transient Stability, Dynamic Stability
14.2 Mechanical Acceleration Equation for the Two-generator System and Disturbance Response
14.3 Transient Stability and Dynamic Stability (Case Study)
14.4 Four-terminal Circuit and the Pd Curve under Fault Conditions and Operational Reactance
14.5 PQV Characteristics and Voltage Stability (Voltage Instability Phenomena)
14.6 Supplement 1: Derivation of DV/DP, DV/DQ Sensitivity Equation (Equation 14.20 from Equation 14.19)
14.7 Supplement 2: Derivation of Power Circle Diagram Equation (Equation 14.31 from Equation 14.18 s)
15 Generator Characteristics with AVR and Stable Operation Limit
15.1 Theory of AVR, and Transfer Function of Generator System with AVR
15.2 Duties of AVR and Transfer Function of Generator + AVR
15.3 Response Characteristics of Total System and Generator Operational Limit
15.4 Transmission Line Charging by Generator with AVR
15.5 Supplement 1: Derivation of ed (s), eq(s) as Function of ef (s) (Equation 15.9 from Equations 15.7 and 15.8)
15.6 Supplement 2: Derivation of eG(s) as Function of ef (s) (Equation 15.10 from Equations 15.8 and 15.9)
16 Operating Characteristics and The Capability Limits of Generators
16.1 General Equations of Generators in Terms of p--q Coordinates
16.2 Rating Items and the Capability Curve of the Generator
16.3 Leading Power-factor (Under-excitation Domain) Operation and UEL Function by AVR
16.4 V--Q (Voltage and Reactive Power) Control by AVR
16.5 Thermal Generators' Weak Points (Negative-sequence Current, Higher Harmonic Current, Shaft-torsional Distortion)
16.6 General Description of Modern Thermal / Nuclear TG Unit
16.7 Supplement: Derivation of Equation 16.14 from Equation 16.9
17 R--X Coordinates and The Theory of Directional Distance Relays
17.1 Protective Relays, Their Mission and Classification
17.2 Principle of Directional Distance Relays and R--X Coordinates Plane
17.3 Impedance Locus in R--X Coordinates in Case of a Fault (under No-load Condition)
17.4 Impedance Locus under Normal States and Step-out Condition
17.5 Impedance Locus under Faults with Load Flow Conditions
17.6 Loss of Excitation Detection by DZ-Relays
17.7 Supplement 1: The Drawing Method for the Locus () of Equation 17.22
17.8 Supplement 2: The Drawing Method for () of Equation 17.24
18 Travelling-Wave (Surge) Phenomena
18.1 Theory of Travelling-wave Phenomena along Transmission Lines (Distributed-constants Circuit)
18.2 Approximation of Distributed-constants Circuit and Accuracy of Concentrated-constants Circuit
18.3 Behaviour of Travelling Wave at a Transition Point
18.4 Surge Over voltages and their Three Different and Confusing Notations
18.5 Behaviour of Travelling Waves at a Lightning-strike Point
18.6 Travelling-wave Phenomena of Three-phase Transmission Line
18.7 Line-to-ground and Line-to-line Travelling Waves
18.8 The Reflection Lattice and Transient Behaviour Modes
18.9 Supplement 1: General Solution Equation 18.10 for Differential Equation 18.9
18.10 Supplement 2: Derivation of Equation 18.19 from Equation 18.18
19 Switching Surge Phenomena By Circuit-Breakers and Line Switches
19.1 Transient Calculation of a Single-Phase Circuit by Breaker Opening
19.2 Calculation of Transient Recovery Voltages Across a Breaker's Three Poles by 3fS Fault Tripping
19.3 Fundamental Concepts of High-voltage Circuit-breakers
19.4 Current Tripping by Circuit-breakers: Actual Phenomena
19.5 Over voltages Caused by Breaker Closing (Close-switching Surge)
19.6 Resistive Tripping and Resistive Closing by Circuit-breakers
19.7 Switching Surge Caused by Line Switches (Disconnecting Switches)
19.8 Supplement 1: Calculation of the Coefficients k1k4 of Equation 19.6
19.9 Supplement 2: Calculation of the Coefficients k1k6 of Equation 19.17
20 Overvoltage Phenomena
20.1 Classification of Overvoltage Phenomena
20.2 Fundamental (Power) Frequency Over voltages (Non-resonant Phenomena)
20.3 Lower Frequency Harmonic Resonant Over voltages
20.4 Switching Surges
20.5 Overvoltage Phenomena by Lightning Strikes
21 Insulation Coordination
21.1 Over voltages as Insulation Stresses
21.2 Fundamental Concept of Insulation Coordination
21.3 Countermeasures on Transmission Lines to Reduce Over voltages and Flashover
21.4 Overvoltage Protection at Substations
21.5 Insulation Coordination Details
21.6 Transfer Surge Voltages Through the Transformer and Generator Protection
21.7 Internal High-frequency Voltage Oscillation of Transformers Caused by Incident Surge
21.8 Oil-filled Transformers Versus Gas-filled Transformers
21.9 Supplement: Proof that Equation 21.21 is the Solution of Equation 21.20
22 Waveform Distortion And Lower Order Harmonic Resonance
22.1 Causes and Influences of Waveform Distortion
22.2 Fault Current Waveform Distortion Caused on Cable Lines
23 Power Cables And Power Cable Circuits
23.1 Power Cables and Their General Features
23.2 Distinguishing Features of Power Cable
23.3 Circuit Constants of Power Cables
23.4 Metallic Sheath and Outer Covering
23.5 Cross-bonding Metallic-shielding Method
23.6 Surge Voltages: Phenomena Travelling Through a Power Cable
23.7 Surge Voltages Phenomena on Cable and Overhead Line Jointing Terminal
23.8 Surge Voltages at Cable End Terminal Connected to GIS
24 Approaches For Special Circuits
24.1 On-load Tap-changing Transformer (LTC Transformer)
24.2 Phase-shifting Transformer
24.3 Woodbridge Transformer and Scott Transformer
24.4 Neutral Grounding Transformer
24.5 MIS-connection of Three-phase Orders
25 Theory of Induction Generators and Motors
25.1 Introduction of Induction Motors and Their Driving Control
25.2 Theory of Three-phase Induction Machines (IM) with Wye-connected Rotor Windings
25.3 Squirrel-cage Type Induction Motors
25.4 Supplement 1: Calculation of Equations (25.17), (25.18) and (25.19)
26 Power Electronic Devices and The Fundamental Concept of Switching
26.1 Power Electronics and the Fundamental Concept
26.2 Power Switching by Power Devices
26.3 Snubber Circuit
26.4 Voltage Conversion by Switching
26.5 Power Electronic Devices
26.6 Mathematical Backgrounds for Power Electronic Application Analysis
27 Power Electronic Converters
27.1 AC to DC Conversion: Rectifier by a Diode
27.2 AC to DC Controlled Conversion: Rectifier by Thyristors
27.3 DC to DC Converters (DC to DC Choppers)
27.4 DC to AC Inverters
27.5 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Control of Inverters
27.6 AC to AC Converter (Cyclo converter)
27.7 Supplement: Transformer Core Flux Saturation (Flux Bias Caused by DC Biased Current Component)
28 Power Electronics Applications in Utility Power Systems and Some Industries
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Motor Drive Application
28.3 Generator Excitation System
28.4 (Double-fed) Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage Generator-motor Unit
28.5 Wind Generation
28.6 Small Hydro Generation
28.7 Solar Generation (Photovoltaic Generation)
28.8 Static Var Compensators (SVC: Thyristor Based External Commutated Scheme)
28.9 Active Filters
28.10 High-Voltage DC Transmission (HVDC Transmission)
28.11 FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) Technology
28.12 Railway Applications
28.13 UPSs (Uninterruptible Power Supplies)
Appendix A -- Mathematical Formulae
Appendix B -- Matrix Equation Formulae
Analytical Methods Index
Components Index
Subject Index