Description
Humana Press Hepatitis B and D Protocols Volume 2 Immunology Model Systems and Clinical Studies 1st Editon 2010 Softbound by Robert K. Hamatake, Johnson Y. N. Lau
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, there are still 400 million people, worldwide who are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). For them, the vaccine, as currently applied, has no value. Given the possible consequences of HBV infection, the number of those chronically infected with HBV presents an enormous public health challenge. For example, the major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is chronic infection with HBV. Although fifth in cancer incidence, worldwide, HCC/liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death. The high mortality as- ciated with HCC arises because the disease is often detected late and is unresponsive to treatment. The number of deaths caused by PHCC is expected to rise over the next 20 years. Those chronically infected with HBV have a life risk of death to HCC of between 10 and 25%. Even the limited efficacy of drugs for the treatment of chronic HBV helps underscore the point that this disease is responsive to therapy. Drugs that target the polymerase (e. g. , hepsera and lamivudine) and interferon alpha represent two distinct strategies and show that both conventional antiviral and immunothe- peutic approaches can be used in management. However, the current inventory of therapeutics is inadequate. Interferon alpha is of limited value, only parenterally ava- able, and fraught with adverse reactions. Viral-Specific Immunological and Other Host Responses.- Studying Host Immune Responses Against Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection.- Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Woodchucks.- Study of Liver-Specific Expression of Cytokines During Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection.- Induction of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Immune Responses Through DNA Immunization.- Monitoring Gene Expression Using DNA Microarrays During Hepatitis B Virus Infection.- Determination of Hepatitis B Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Activity in the Liver.- Determining the Precursor Frequency of HBV Nucleocapsid Antigen-Specific T Cells.- Detection and Characterization of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Using the Tetramer Approach.- In Vitro Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Specific CD4+ T Cells.- Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Hepatitis Delta Virus Through DNA Immunization in BALB/c Mice.- In Vitro and In Vivo Models.- Infection of Primary Chimpanzee Hepatocytes with Recombinant Hepatitis D Virus Particles.- Study of the Endocytosis and Intracellular Localization of Subviral Particles of Hepatitis B Virus in Primary Hepatocytes.- The Tupaia Model for the Study of Hepatitis B Virus.- Delivery of Hepatitis B Virus Therapeutic Agents Using Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Based Liver-Specific Targeting.- Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Hepatocyte Culture Models.- Duck Hepatitis B Virus Primary Hepatocyte Culture Model.- Enhancement of Infection of HepG2 Cells in Culture by Predigestion of Hepadnavirus with V8 Protease.- Construction of Recombinant Adenoviruses that Produce Infectious Hepatitis B Virus.- Baculovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer for the Study of Hepatitis B Virus.- Transgenic Hepatitis B Virus Mouse Model in the Study of Chemotherapy.- Transplantation of Human Hepatocytes in Immunodeficient UPA Mice.- Duck Hepatitis B Virus Model in the Study of Hepatitis B Virus.- Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mouse Model of Acute and Chronic Liver Disease.- The Chimpanzee Model.- Hepatitis B in Liver Transplant Recipients as a Special Model of Antiviral Drug Development.- Hepatitis Delta Virus Transfection for the Mouse In Vivo Model.- Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Transfection for the Cell Culture Model.- Antiviral Testing and Clinical Studies.- Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Dynamics and Its Impact on Antiviral Development.- Genotyping Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance.- A Parsimonious Method for Screening Drug Combinations for Antihepadnaviral Activity Using a Parametric Dose-Response Surface Approach.- Hepatitis B Virus.- Designing Studies to Evaluate Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Therapies.- Specific Considerations in the Design of Hepatitis B Virus Clinical Studies in the Far East.- Studying the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Special Populations.- Designing Clinical Development Programs for Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Drugs.- Testing Antivirals Against Hepatitis Delta Virus.