Description
John Wiley Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Index to Volumes 1 - 26 2007 Edition by Kirk-Othmer
The fifth edition of the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology builds upon the solid foundation of the previous editions, which have proven to be a mainstay for chemists, biochemists, and engineers at academic, industrial, and government institutions since publication of the first edition in 1949. The new edition includes necessary adjustments and modernisation of the content to reflect changes and developments in chemical technology. Presenting a wide scope of articles on chemical substances, properties, manufacturing, and uses; on industrial processes, unit operations in chemical engineering; and on fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field. The Encyclopedia describes established technology along with cutting edge topics of interest in the wide field of chemical technology, whilst uniquely providing the necessary perspective and insight into pertinent aspects, rather than merely presenting information.* Set began publication in January 2004* Over 1000 articles* More than 600 new or updated articles*27 volumes Reviews from the previous edition: "The most indispensable reference in the English language on all aspects of chemical technology...the best reference of its kind".-Chemical Engineering News, 1992 "Overall, ECT is well written and cleanly edited, and no library claiming to be a useful resource for chemical engineering professionals should be without it." -Nicholas Basta, Chemical Engineering, December 1992 Table of contents :- VOLUME 1. Abrasives. Absorption. Acetaldehyde. Acetic Acid. Acetic Acid, Halogenated Derivatives. Acetic Anhydride. Acetone. Acetylene. Acetylene-Derived Chemicals. Acrolein and Derivatives. Acrylamide. Acrylamide Polymers. Acrylic Acid and its Derivatives. Acrylic Ester Polymers. Acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Polymers. Acrylonitrile Polymers, Survey and Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN). Actinides and Transactinides. Adhesion. Adhesives. Adipic Acid. Adsorption. Adsorption, Gas Separation. Adsorption, Liquid Separation. Advanced Materials, Economic Evaluation. Aeration, Biotechnology. Aerogels. Aerosols. Air Pollution. Air Pollution and Control, Indoor. VOLUME 2. Alcohols, Higher Aliphatic, Survey. Alcohols, Higher Aliphatic, Synthetic Processes. Alcohols, Polyhydric. Aldehydes. Alkaloids. Alkanolamines from Nitro Alcohols. Alkanolamines from Olefin Oxides and Ammonia. Alkyd Resins. Alkylation. Alkylphenols. Allyl Alcohol and Monoallyl Derivatives. Allyl Monomers and Polymers. Aluminates. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. Aluminum Compounds, Survey. Aluminum Halides and Aluminum Nitrate. Aluminum Oxide (Alumina), Activated. Aluminum Oxide (Alumina), Calcined, Tabular, and Aluminate Cements. Aluminum Oxide (Alumina), Hydrated. Aluminum Sulfate and Alums. Amides, Fatty Acid. Amine Oxides. Amines by Reduction. Amines, Cycloaliphatic. Amines, Fatty. Amines, Lower Aliphatic Amines. Amino Acids. Amino Resins and Plastics. Aminophenols. Ammonia. Ammonium Compounds. Amyl Alcohols. Aniline and Its Derivatives. Antiaging Agents. VOLUME 3. Antibacterial Agents, Overview. Antibiotic Resistance. Antimony and Antimony Alloys. Antimony Compounds. Antiobesity Drugs. Antioxidants, Polymers. Antiviral Agents. Aquaculture. Aquaculture Chemicals. Aroma Chemicals. Arsenic and Arsenic Alloys. Arsenic-Environmental Impact, Health Effects, and Treatment Methods. Asbestos. Atomic Force Microscopy-AFM. Barium. Barium Compounds. Barrier Polymers. Batteries, Introduction. Batteries, Primary Cells. Batteries, Secondary Cells. Beer and Brewing. Benzaldehyde. Benzene. Benzoic Acid. Beryllium, Beryllium Alloys and Composites. Beryllium Compounds. Biocatalysis. Biomass Energy. Biomaterials, Prosthetics, and Biomedical Devices. Bioremediation. Biosensors. Bioseparations. VOLUME 4. Bismuth and Bismuth Alloys. Bismuth Compounds. Bleaching Agents. Blood Coagulation and Anticoagulant Drugs. Blood Substitutes. Boron, Elemental. Boron Halides. Boron Hydrides, Heteroboranes, and their Metalla Derivatives. Boron Oxides, Boric Acid, and Borates. Bromine. Bromine, Inorganic Compounds. Bromine, Organic Compounds. Butadiene. Butyl Alcohols. Butylenes. Butyl Rubber. Butyraldehydes. Cadmium and Cadmium Alloys. Cadmium Compounds. Calcium and Calcium Alloys. Calcium Carbide. Calcium Carbonate. Calcium Chloride. Calcium Fluoride. Calcium Sulfate. Capillary Separations. Carbides. Carbides, Cemented. Carbides, Industrial Hard. Carbohydrates. Carbon. Carbon, Activated. Carbon Black. Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Disulfide. VOLUME 5. Carbon Monoxide. Carboxylic Acids. Cardiovascular Agents. Catalysis. Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration. Catalysts, Supported. Cell Culture Technology. Cellulose. Cellulose Esters, Inorganic Esters. Cellulose Esters, Organic Esters. Cellulose Ethers. Cement. Centrifugal Separation. Ceramic-Matrix Composites. Ceramics as Electrical Materials. Ceramics, Mechanical Properties. Ceramics, Processing. Cerium and Cerium Compounds. Cesium and Cesium Compounds. Chelating Agents. Chemical Methods in Archaeology. Chemical Product Design. Chemicals from Brine. Chemical Vapor Deposition. Chemical Warfare. Chemiluminescence, Analytical Applications. VOLUME 6. Chemoinformatics. Chemometrics. Chiral Separations. Chloric Acid and Chlorates. Chlorinated Paraffins. Chlorine. Chlorobenzenes. Chlorocarbons and Chlorohydrocarbons, Survey. Chloroethylenes and Chloroethanes. Chloroform. Chloroformates and Carbonates. Chlorotoluenes, Benzyl Chloride, Benzal Chloride and Benzotrichloride. Chlorotoluenes, Ring. Chocolate and Cocoa. Chromatography. Chromatography, Affinity. Chromatography, Gas. Chromatography, Liquid. Chromium and Chromium Alloys. Chromium Compounds. Chromogenic Materials, Electrochromic. Chromogenic Materials, Photochromic. Chromogenic Materials, Piezochromic. Chromogenic Materials, Thermochromic. Citric Acid. Clays, Survey. Clays, Uses. Coal. Coal Gasification. Coal Liquefaction. VOLUME 7. Coating Processes. Coating Processes, Powder. Coating Processes, Spray. Coatings. Coatings, Antifoulings. Coatings for Corrosion Control, Organic. Coatings, Marine. Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys. Cobalt Compounds. Coffee. Colloids. Color. Colorants for Ceramics. Colorants for Plastics. Combinatorial Chemistry. Combustion Science and Technology. Computer-Aided Chemical Engineering. Conducting Polymers. Controlled Release Technology, Agricultural. Coordination Compounds. Copolymers. Copper. Copper Alloys, Wrought. Copper Compounds. Copyrights. Corrosion and Corrosion Control. Cosmetics. VOLUME 8. Cotton. Cryogenic Technology. Crystal Engineering. Crystallization. Cumene. Cyanamides. Cyanides. Cyanuric and Isocyanuric Acids. Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene. Defoamers. Dendrimers, Luminescent. Dental Materials. Desiccants. Design of Experiments. Detergency and Detergents. Deuterium and Tritium. Diamines and Higher Amines, Aliphatic. Diamond, Natural. Diamond, Synthetic. Dichlorine Monoxide, Hypochlorous Acid, and Hypochlorites. Dimensional Analysis. Disinfection. Dispersants. Dispersions. Distillation. Distillation, Azeotropic, and Extractive. VOLUME 9. Drilling Fluids. Drug Delivery Systems. Drying. Drying Oils. Dyeing. Dyes and Dye Intermediates. Dyes, Anthraquinone. Dyes, Azo. Dyes, Environmental Chemistry. Dyes, Reactive. Dyes, Sensitizing. Economic Evaluation. Elastomers, Synthetic. Electroanalytical Techniques. Electrochemical Machining. Electrochemical Processing. Electrochemical Processing, Inorganic. Electrochemical Processing, Organic. Electroless Deposition. Electronic Materials. Electrophoresis. Electroplating. VOLUME 10. Embedding. Emission Control, Automotive. Emission Control, Industrial. Emulsions. Energy Management. Engineering Thermoplastics. Environmental Impact Assessment. Enzyme Applications, Industrial. Enzyme Inhibitors. Epoxy Resins. Esterification. Esters, Organic. Ethanol. Ethers. Ethyl Chloride. Ethylene. Ethylene Oxide. Ethylene Oxide Polymers. Ethylene-Acrylic Elastomers. Ethylene-Propylene Polymers. Explosives and Propellants. Extraction, Liquid-Liquid. Fats and Fatty Oils. Feeds and Feed Additives, Nonruminant Feeds. Feeds and Feed Additives, Pet Foods. Feeds and Feed Additives, Ruminant Feeds. VOLUME 11. Fermentation. Ferrites. Ferroelectrics. Fertilizers. Fiber Optics. Fibers. Fibers, Acrylic. Fibers, Olefin. Fibers, Regenerated Cellulose. Fibers, Vegetable. Fillers. Filtration. Fine Art Examination and Conservation. Fine Chemicals. Flame Retardants. Flame Retardants, Halogenated. Flame Retardants, Phosphorus. Flavor Characterization. Flavor Delivery Systems. Flavors. Flax Fiber. Flocculating Agents. Flow Measurement. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts and Additives. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units, Regeneration. Fluid Mechanics. Fluidization. Fluorine. Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic. Fluorine Compounds, Organic. Fluoroethers and Fluoroamines. VOLUME 12. Foams. Food Additives. Food Processing. Forensic Chemistry. Formaldehyde. Fractionation, Plasma. Friedel-Crafts Reactions. Fuel Cells. Fullerenes. Furan Derivatives. Furnaces, Electric. Furnaces, Fuel-Fired. Gallium and Gallium Compounds. Gas, Natural. Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels. Gelatin. Genetic Engineering, Animals. Genetic Engineering, Microbes. Genetic Engineering, Plants. Genetic Engineering, Procedures. Geothermal Energy. Germanium and Germanium Compounds. Glass. Glass-Ceramics. Glycols. Gold and Gold Compounds. Graphite, Artificial. Graphite, Natural. Green Chemistry. Grignard Reactions. Groundwater Monitoring. VOLUME 13. Growth Regulators, Animal. Growth Regulators, Plant. Gums. Hafnium and Hafnium Compounds. N-Halamines. Halogen Fluorides. Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Toxicity and Environmental Impact. Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment. Hazardous Waste Incineration. Heat Exchanger Network Design. Heat Pipes. Heat Transfer. Herbicides. Herbicides, Biotechnology. High Performance Fibers. High Pressure Chemistry. High Purity Gases. High Temperature Alloys. Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials. Hydrazine and Its Derivatives. Hydrides. Hydroboration. Hydrocarbons. Hydrofluorocarbons. Hydrogels. Hydrogen. Hydrogen Chloride. Hydrogen Energy. VOLUME 14. Hydrogen Fluoride. Hydrogen-Ion Activity. Hydrogen Peroxide. Hydrothermal Processing. Hydroxycarboxylic Acids. Immunoassay. Inclusion Compounds. Indium and Indium Compounds. Industrial Hygiene. Infrared Spectroscopy. Initiators, Anionic. Initiators, Cationic. Initiators, Free-Radical. Inks. Insecticides. Iodine and Iodine Compounds. Ion Exchange. Ion Implantation. Ionomers. Iron. Iron Compounds. Ketones. Kinetic Measurements. Lanthanides. Lasers. Latex Technology. Lead and Lead Alloys. Lead Compounds. Life Cycle Assessment. Light Emitting Diodes. VOLUME 15. Lignin. Lime and Limestone. Liquid Crystalline Materials. Lithium and Lithium Compounds. Lithographic Resists. Lubrication and Lubricants. Macrolide Antibiotics. Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. Magnesium Compounds. Magnetic Separation. Maintenance. Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid. Malts and Malting. Manganese and Manganese Alloys. Manganese Compounds. Market and Marketing Research. Mass Spectrometry. Mass Transfer. Materials Standards and Specifications. Melamine Resins. Membrane Technology. VOLUME 16. Membranes, Hollow-Fiber. Mercury. Metal Carbonyls. Metallocene Catalysts. Metallurgy. Metallurgy, Extractive. Metal-Matrix Composites. Metal Surface Treatments. Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives. Methacrylic Ester Polymers. Methanol. Methyl Chloride. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. Methylamines. Methylene Chloride. Microarrays. Microbial Transformations. Microemulsions. Microencapsulation. Microscopy. Microwave Technology. Microwave Technology-Chemical Synthesis Applications. Minerals Recovery and Processing. Mixing and Blending. Molecular Modeling. Molecular Recognition. Molecular Sieves. VOLUME 17. Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys. Molybdenum Compounds. Nanotechnology. Naphthalene. Nickel and Nickel Alloys. Nickel Compounds. Niobium and Niobium Compounds. Nitration. Nitric Acid. Nitrides. Nitriles. Nitrobenzene and Nitrotoluenes. Nitrogen. Nitrogen Fixation. Noble-Gas Compounds. Noble Gases. Nomenclature. Nondestructive Evaluation. Nonlinear Optical Materials. Nonwoven Fabrics, Spunbonded. Nonwoven Fabrics, Staple Fibers. Nuclear Fuel Reserves. Nuclear Power Facilities, Safety. Nuclear Reactors. Nucleic Acids. Nutraceuticals. Ocean Raw Materials. Olefin Polymers, Introduction. Olefins, Higher. Oxazolidinones, Antibacterial. Oxygen. Ozone. Packaging of Electronic Materials. VOLUME 18. Packaging, Containers for Industrial Materials. Packaging, Converting. Packaging, Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals. Packaging, Food. Paint. Paint and Finish Removers. Paper. Particle Size Measurement. Patents and Trade Secrets. Patents, Literature. Peptides, Antimicrobial. Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates. Perfluorinated Polymers. Perfumes. Peroxides, Inorganic. Peroxides, Organic. Pervaporation. Pesticides. Petrochemicals, Feedstocks. Petroleum. Petroleum, Enhanced Oil Recovery. Petroleum, Refinery Processes. Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals, Large-Scale Synthesis. Phenol. Phenolic Resins. Phosgene. Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. VOLUME 19. Phosphorus. Phosphorus Compounds. Photocatalysis. Photochemical Technology. Photodetectors. Photography. Photography, Color. Photography, Instant. Photothermographic and Thermographic Imaging Materials. Pigments, Inorganic. Pigments, Organic. Pilot Plants. Piping Systems. Plant Layout. Plant Location. Plastics Processing. Plastics Testing. Platinum-Group Metals. Platinum-Group Metals, Compounds. Plutonium and Plutonium Compounds. Polyamides, Aromatic. Polyamides, Fibers. Polyamides, Plastics. Polycarbonates. Polychloroprene. VOLUME 20. Polyester Fibers. Polyesters, Thermoplastic. Polyesters, Unsaturated. Polyether Antibiotics. Polyethylene, High Density (HDPE). Polyethylene, Linear Low Density (LLDPE). Polyethylene, Low Density (LDPE). Poly(fluorosilicones). Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Polyimides. Polylactides. Polymer Blends. Polymer Colloids. Polymers. Polymers, Higher Olefins. Polymers, Water-Soluble. Polymethine Dyes. Polypropylene. Polysaccharides. Poly(vinyl fluoride). Potassium. Potassium Compounds. Pressure Measurement. Process Control. Process Design. Process Integration Technology. Propylene. Propylene Oxide. Proteins. VOLUME 21. Pulp. Pulp Bleaching. Pumps. Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives. Pyrolysis, Flash Vacuum. Quality. Quinolines and Isoquinolines. Quinolone Antibacterials. Quinones. Radioactive Tracers. Radioisotopes. Raman Scattering. Reactor Technology. Recycling. Recycling, Glass. Recycling, Metals. Recycling, Oil. Recycling, Paper. Recycling, Plastics. Recycling, Rubber. Refractories. Refrigeration. Regulatory Agencies. Release Agents. Research and Development Management. Reverse Osmosis. Rhenium and Rhenium Compounds. Rheology and Rheological Measurements. Rubber Compounding. Rubidium and Rubidium Compounds. Safety. VOLUME 22. Salicylic Acid and Related Compounds. Sealants. Sedimentation. Selenium and Selenium Compounds. Self-Cleaning Materials-Lotus Effect Surfaces. Semiconductors, Amorphous. Semiconductors, Compound. Semiconductors, Organic. Semiconductors, Silicon Based. Sensors. Separation, Size. Separations Process Synthesis. Shape-Memory Alloys. Shape-Memory Polymers. Silica. Silica, Amorphous. Silica, Vitreous. Silicas and Silicates, Anthropogenic. Silicon. Silicon and Silicon Alloys, Chemical and Metallurgical. Silicon Carbide. Silicones. Silk. Silver and Silver Alloys. Silver Compounds. Silylating Agents. Smart Materials. Soap. Sodium and Sodium Alloys. Sodium Carbonate. Sodium Chloride. Sodium Halides. Sodium Hydroxide. Sodium Nitrate and Nitrite. Sodium Sulfates and Sulfides. VOLUME 23. Solar Energy Materials. Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Cells. Sol-Gel Technology. Solvents, Industrial. Spectroscopy. Spices. Sprays. Steam. Steel. Strontium and Strontium Compounds. Styrene. Styrene Plastics. Succinic Acid and Succinic Anhydride. Sugar. Sulfonamides. Sulfonation and Sulfation. Sulfur. Sulfur and Hydrogen Sulfide Recovery. Sulfur Compounds. Sulfur-Containing Polymers. Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide. Superconductivity and Superconductors. VOLUME 24. Supercritical Fluids. Supramolecular Chemistry. Surface and Interface Analysis. Surfactants. Sustainable Development and Chemistry. Sutures. Sweeteners. Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Economic Evaluation. Tanks and Pressure Vessels. Tantalum and Tantalum Compounds. Technical Service. Technology Transfer. Tellurium and Tellurium Compounds. Temperature Measurement. Terpenoids. Tetracyclines. Textiles. Thallium and Thallium Compounds. Thermodynamics. Thermoplastic Elastomers. Thin Film Formation Techniques. Thorium and Thorium Compounds. Tin and Tin Alloys. Tin Compounds. Titanium and Titanium Alloys. VOLUME 25. Titanium Compounds, Inorganic. Titanium Compounds, Organic. Toluene. Toluenediamine. Toxicology. Trademarks. Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design. Transportation. Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys. Tungsten Compounds. Uranium and Uranium Compounds. Urethane Polymers. Vaccine Technology. Vanadium and Vanadium Alloys. Vanadium Compounds. Vanillin. Vinyl Acetate Polymers. Vinyl Alcohol Polymers. Vinyl Chloride. Vinyl Chloride Polymers. Vinylidene Chloride Polymers. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid). Vitamins. Waste Management, Hazardous. Waste Management, Radioactive. Waste Management, Solid. Wastewater Treatment. VOLUME 26. Water. Water Desalination. Water Treatment. Water Treatment, Aeration. Water Treatment of Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs. Waxes. Weighing and Proportioning. Wheat and Other Cereal Grains. Wine. Wood. Wool. X-Ray Technology. Yeasts. Yeasts, Molecular and Therapeutic Applications. Ziegler-Natta Catalysts. Zinc and Zinc Alloys. Zinc Compounds. Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds. SUPPLEMENT. Air Pollution Control Methods. Carbon Fibers. Composite Materials. Dendrimers. Hemodialysis. Ionic Liquids. Metathesis. Microfluidics. Reliability. Sampling Techniques.show more