Description
Kluwer Academic Membrane Receptors And Enzymes As Targets Of Insecticidal Action 1986 Edition by J.Marshall Clark Fumio Matsumura
One of the fundamental concepts of toxicology is that chemicals act at selective receptors and that such interactions result in phar macologic responses which depending on dose mayor may not result in toxicity. For us to understand how insecticides produce their toxic effects we must first understand their molecular interactions with their target receptors. With this in mind we organized a symposium which was given in conjunction with the XVII International Congress of Entomology in Hamburg on August 21 1984. The goal of this symposium was to bring together researchers with a wide range of expertise who shared a common interest in the action of insecticides on the insect nervous system. It was decided to restrict the scope of the symposium so that selected topics could be discussed in greater depth. The volume which resulted from this symposium -Membranes Receptors and Enzymes as Targets of Insecticidal Action- details a number of bio chemical modes of action of insecticides on the insect nervous system. The volume is divided into two sections; the first dealing with the action of insecticides on the GABA-ch1oride channel complex. This section evolves from a discussion of the symptoms of cyclodiene toxicity presented by Dr. D. E. Woolley to the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of the channel complex and is concluded with the extremely interesting work of Dr. C. C. Wang on the action(s) of avermectin at this receptor. Table of contents : 1. Digital Radiography: Overview.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Point-Scanned Detector Systems.- 3. Line-Scanned Detector Systems.- 4. Area Detector Systems.- 4.1. Stimulable Phosphors.- 4.2. Selenium Detectors.- 4.3. Digital Video Systems.- 5. Comparison of X-Ray Imaging Systems.- 6. Summary.- References.- 2. Image Processors for Digital Angiography: Algorithms and Architectures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Algorithms for Handling and Processing of Digitized Angiograms.- 2.1. Image Data Compression.- 2.2. Image Enhancement by Digital Subtraction.- 2.3. Image Enhancement and Extraction by Digital Filtering of Pixeldensograms.- 2.4. Image Analysis.- 2.5. Algorithm Structures.- 2.5.1. Point Operations.- 2.5.2. Filtering of Pixeldensograms.- 2.5.3. Two-Dimensional Processing.- 2.6. Data Structure.- 3. Processor Architectures for Digital Angiography.- 3.1. General-Purpose Computer with Video Interface.- 3.2. Special-Purpose Processors for Real-Time Subtraction.- 3.3. Special Computer Systems for Digital Angiography.- 3.4. Experimental Systems for Digital Angiography.- 4. Conclusions and Discussion.- References.- 3. Temporal Integration Processing Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory.- 2.1. The Conventional DSA Reference.- 2.2. Temporal Integration.- 2.3. Matched Filtering.- 3. Implementation.- 4. Applications.- 4.1. SNR Improvement.- 4.2. X-Ray Exposure Reduction.- 4.3. Contrast Dose Reduction.- 4.4. Hybrid Subtraction SNR Recovery.- 5. Discussion.- References.- 4. Noise Analysis in Digital Radiography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sources of Noise in Digital Systems.- 3. Conspicuity and Image Subtraction.- 4. Theoretical Analysis.- 4.1. Detail SNR.- 4.2. Detectability Threshold and Image Gray Levels.- 4.3. Contrast-Detail Relationship for Threshold Detectability.- 4.4. Detector Quantum Efficiency.- 4.5. Minimum Patient Exposure for Detection.- 4.6. Sample Calculations for Digital Angiography.- 4.7. Summary of Theoretical Analysis.- 5. Experimental Measurements of Noise.- 5.1. SNR.- 5.2. Scattered Radiation and Detail SNR.- 5.3. Wiener Power Spectra.- 5.4. Phantom Tests of Iodine Detectability.- 6. Summary.- References.- 5. Quantitative Aspects of Image Intensifier-Television-Based Digital X-Ray Imaging.- 1. Introduction.- 2. System Description.- 2.1. X-Ray Generator and Tube.- 2.2. Object.- 2.3. Image Intensifier.- 2.4. Television Camera.- 2.5. Analog-to-Digital Converter.- 2.6. Image Acquisition Memory.- 2.7. Measurement of System Response.- 2.7.1. TV Camera Response.- 2.7.2. II-TV Response.- 2.8. System Spatial Resolution.- 3. Characterization of Physical Degradation Factors.- 3.1. Beam Hardening.- 3.2. X-Ray Scatter.- 3.3. Veiling Glare.- 4. Effect of Degradation Factors on Videodensitometric Volume Measurements.- 4.1. Absolute Volume Measurements.- 4.2. Relative Volume Measurements.- 5. Techniques for Reduction of Degradation Factors.- 5.1. Veiling Glare.- 5.1.1. Deconvolution of Lead Disk Images.- 5.1.2. Effects of Glare Deconvolution on Volume Measurements.- 5.2. X-Ray Scatter.- 5.3. Beam Hardening.- 6. Applications.- 6.1. Relative Volume Measurements.- 6.1.1. Measurement of Ventricular Ejection Fraction.- 6.1.2. Stenosis Measurement.- 6.2. Absolute Volume Measurements.- 7. Summary.- References.- 6. Recursive Filtering Techniques Applied to Digital Subtraction Angiography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Temporal Filtering Theory.- 3. Noncardiac Clinical Results Using Recursive Filtering.- 4. Cardiac Applications.- References.- 7. Energy-Selective Radiography: A Review.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Apparatus for Energy-Selective Imaging.- 3. Decomposition of the Attenuation Coefficient.- 3.1. Intuitive Limits to Dimensionality.- 3.2. The Singular Value Decomposition.- 4. Conditions for Calculating Complete Energy-Dependent Information.- 4.1. Vector Space Descriptions of Mixtures and Line Integrals.- 4.2. Calculation of Line Integrals in Conventional Radiographic Systems.- 4.3. Complete Information Extraction in Energy-Selective Systems.- 5. Applications of Energy-Selective Imaging.- 5.1. Synthesized Monoenergetic Images.- 5.2. Selective Material Images.- 5.3. Generalized Projection Signal Processing.- 5.4. Computation for Energy-Selective Imaging.- 6. Analysis of Conspicuity and Noise.- 6.1. Statistics of Basis Coefficient Estimation.- 6.2. Basis Noise and the System's Physical Properties.- 6.3. Noise Optimal Generalized Projections.- 6.4. Comparison of Noise in Conventional and Energy-Selective Systems.- 6.5. Conspicuity Enhancement.- 7. Conclusion.- References.