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Bloomsbury Migration from North Africa and the Middle East Skilled Migrants Development and Globalisation 2015 Edition by Alessandra Venturini, Philippe Fargues
The countries of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (SEM) and those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are crucial to the development of the world economy. Highly skilled migration to and from these regions is key to the recent socio-political transformations that have occurred across the world. Despite this, in the states concerned, skilled migration remains an underlying 'issue of concern', rather than at the top of political agendas, leading to a spectrum of unclear and uncoordinated legal and policy frameworks. Containing a series of thematic and country-specific overviews, this book highlights the specificity of each region, and identifies and analyses key demographic, economic, legal and political data - allowing for policy prescription. Skilled Migration, the 'brain drain', and its impact is an extensively debated phenomenon and this will be an essential companion for social scientists, policy-makers and development scholars. Table of contents :- 1. Introduction 6Philippe Fargues and Alessandra Venturini2. The Geography of Highly-Skilled Arab Migration 11Anna Di Bartolomeo and Philippe FarguesIntroduction 111. A Persisting Divide: Mashrek vs. Maghreb 122. Selecting graduates, workers or relatives? 17Conclusion 5Appendix 13. Highly-Skilled Migrants in the Arab Mediterranean: Who, why and what is to be done 1Alessandra Venturini and Edlira NarazaniIntroduction 11. Many migrant destinations: few highly-skilled migrant destinations 21.1 The distribution and numbers of stocks by destination 21.2 Stock of education migrants and brain drain in OECD countries 62. Over-education and over-occupation of migrants in OECD countries 73. The Evolution of Education and of Education Quality 24. The effect of highly-skilled migration on the human capital of the origin country 4Conclusion 84. Highly-Skilled Migration into, through and from the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan Africa 11Paul TabarPart I 111. The socio-political impact of highly-skilled migration within the context of transnational political practice 112. The economic and socio-political contexts of highly-skilled migration 123. The socio-political impact of highly-skilled migration on sending societies 124. The socio-political impact of highly-skilled migration on receiving countries 145. Civil society in receiving countries and the socio-political impact of highly-skilled migration 15Part II 151. Further comments on this part of the book 152. Political motivations for neglecting statistical data on highly-skilled migration 165. Highly-skilled Diaspora Knowledge Transfers: TOKTEN in the Arab world 21Tamirace FakhouryIntroduction 211. Study structure 212. Methodology and study limitations 223. Highly-skilled diaspora contributions to development 224. The TOKTEN approach 235. Contextualising TOKTEN in the Arab WORLD 246. The TOKTEN programme in Lebanon 247. The TOKTEN programme in Palestine 258. The TOKTEN programme in Sudan 269. Empowering TOKTEN in a transitioning Arab world? 27Concluding remarks 296. Young and Highly-Skilled: Emigration from Lebanon 31Choghig KasparianIntroduction 311. The employment market and the emigration of highly-skilled workers 322. The characteristics of highly-skilled Lebanese migrants 363. Relations between highly-skilled migrants and their country of origin 40Conclusion 427. Legal and Regulatory Framework of Highly-Skilled Migration: The Case of the Palestinian Authority 43Asem KhalilIntroduction 431. Defining 'highly-skilled migration' 442. Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements 453. An Increasing Palestinian Interest 464. Incentives targeting skilled immigrants 475. Incentives targeting Palestinians emigrants 486. Cooperation with Foreign Academic Institutions 507. Temporary and Virtual Return 52Conclusion 528. Jordan, a land of no return? Highly-skilled migration, before and during the Arab Spring. 57Francoise De Bel-AirIntroduction 571. Dynamics of skilled emigration from Jordan 571.1 Jordanian migrants: stocks and flows 581.2. Profile of migrants 591.3. Motives for highly-skilled emigration 602. Actors and policies: 'open-door', brain gain vs. brain drain 612.1. Views 612.2. Policies 623. Skilled emigration as 'brain strain': a political calculus 643.1.Short-term benefits 643.2.Citizenship, elite change and institutional reform for development 65Conclusion 669. Highly Skilled Migration and Development in Egypt 69Nadine SikaIntroduction 691. Highly-Skilled Migration: Bane or Boon for Development? 692. Egyptian migration to OECD countries and the Gulf 702.1. Characteristics of Temporary and Return Migration 723. Egyptian Migrants and the Importance of Remittances for the Egyptian Economy 734. Highly-Skilled Migration and Government Policy 735. Multilateral and Bilateral Agreements 746. Immigration in Egyp