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Humana Press Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer Methods and Protocols 2nd Edition 2010 Softbound by Joseph E. Roulston, John M. S. Bartlett
We are currently experiencing a fundamental shift in the way in which we approach the characterization of cancer. Never before has the make up of cancer tissues and individual cells been so exhaustively researched and char- terized. We are now capable of producing molecular “fingerprints” that ch- acterize the expression of all known and unknown genes within tumors and their surrounding tissues. More than 30,000 different genes may be measured in each patient’s tumor in a single experiment. Simultaneously, novel therapies that exploit the molecular roadmap have been developed and are now being offered to patients. These novel agents, such as Glivec, Herceptin, Iressa, and others, specifically target individual genes within tumors and can produce d- matic responses in some patients. These drugs are only the forerunners of a coming tidal wave of novel therapeutics that individually target specific m- ecules within cancer cells—more than 300 such agents are currently in phase I or II clinical trials. This is an exciting time for cancer specialists and patients alike. However, if we have learned anything from the past 50 or more years of research into cancer, it is that Lord Beaverbrook, in founding the British national health service in the 1950s, was frighteningly prescient when he defined the primary goal of health care to be “Diagnosis, Diagnosis, Diag- sis. ” Now, more than ever, it is essential that appropriate diagnostic methods and approaches are applied to the selection of patients for treatment. Prognostic and Predictive Factors.- Assessment of Predictive Values of Tumor Markers.- Quality Assurance of Predictive Markers in Breast Cancer.- Extraction of Nucleic Acid Templates.- Microdissection and Extraction of DNA From Archival Tissue.- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.- HER2 FISH in Breast Cancer.- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for BCR-ABL.- UroVysion™ Multiprobe FISH in Urinary Cytology.- Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization in Tumor Pathology.- Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.- Molecular Characterization of Human Papillomaviruses by PCR and In Situ Hybridization.- A Nested RT-PCR Assay to Detect BCR/abl.- TP53 Mutation Detection by SSCP and Sequencing.- PCR Diagnosis of T-Cell Lymphoma in Paraffin-Embedded Bone Marrow Biopsies.- Circulating DNA Analysis.- Microsatellite Instability.- Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of the Methylation Status of Myf-3 in Lymphoproliferative Disorders.- Quantitative Analysis of PRAME for Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Leukemia.- Determination of Cyclin D1 Expression by Quantitative Real-Time, Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.- Detection of Telomerase hTERT Gene Expression and Its Splice Variants by RT-PCR.- Detection of Telomerase Enzyme Activity by TRAP Assay.- Identification of TP53 Mutations in Human Cancers Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays.- Detection of K-ras Mutations by a Microelectronic DNA Chip.- Microarray-Based CGH in Cancer.- Tissue Microarrays.