Description
Springer Multisensory Control of Posture 1st Editon 2012 Softbound by F. Hlavacka, Thomas Mergner
From recent developments in the rapidly growing area of neuroscience it has become increasingly clear that a simplistic description of brain function as a broad collection of simple input-output relations is quite inadequate. Introspection already tells us that our motor behavior is guided by a complex interplay between many inputs from the outside world and from our internal 'milieu,' internal models of ourselves and the outside world, memory content, directed attention, volition, and so forth. Also, our motor activity normally involves more than a circumscribed group of muscles, even if we intend to move only one effector organ. For example, a reaching movement or a reorientation of a sensory organ almost invariably requires a pattern of preparatory or assisting activities in other parts of the body, like the ones that maintain the body's equilibrium. The present volume is a summary of the papers presented at the symposium 'Sensory Interaction in Posture and Movement Control' that was held at Smolenice Castle near Bratislava, Slovakia, as a Satellite Symposium to the ENA Meeting 1994 in Vienna. The focus of this meeting was not only restricted to the 'classical' sensory interactions such as between vestibular and visual signals, or between otolith and semicircular canal inputs. Rather, the symposium tried to consider also the interplay between perception and action, between reflexive and volitional motor acts as well as between sensory driven or self-initi ated motor acts and reafferent inputs. 1. Multisensory Control of Movements at Spinal Levels and Its Supraspinal Modulation.- 2. Involvement of Deep Cerebellar Nuclei in Attentive and Orienting Motor Responses.- 3. Adaptability of Adult Mammalian Motoneurons to New Motor Tasks.- 4. Type I Medial Vestibular Neurons during Alertness, following Adaptation, and during REM Sleep Episodes in the Head-Fixed Guinea-Pig.- 5. Adaptive Changes in Gain of the Vestibulospinal Reflex during Sustained Neck-Vestibular Stimulation.- 6. Neural Integration of Visual Information and Direction of Gravity in Prestriate Cortex of the Alert Monkey.- 7. Primate Vestibular Cortices and Spatial Orientation.- 8. Proprioceptive and Cutaneous Feedback in the Modulation of Cortical Output in Man.- 9. The Role of Proprioceptive and Vestibular Inputs in Triggering Human Balance Corrections.- 10. Characteristics of Head and Neck Stabilization in Two Planes of Motion.- 11. Principal Component Analysis of Axial Synergies during Upper Trunk Forward Bending in Human.- 12. Do Equilibrium Constraints Determine the Center of Mass Position during Movement?.- 13. Selection of Postural Adjustments in Sitting Infants: Effect of Maturation and Training.- 14. Development of Bilateral Limb Coordination in Humans.- 15. Volitional versus Reflex Control in Ocular Pursuit.- 16. Classification of Visual Processes for the Control of Posture and Locomotion.- 17. Differential Influence of a Visual Flow Pattern on EMG-Activity of Antagonistic Leg Muscles during Unstable Stance.- 18. The Formation of the Visual and the Postural Vertical.- 19. Visual-Vestibular Interaction for Human Ego-Motion Perception.- 20. Modification of the Galvanic Sway Response by Visual Conditions.- 21. Interaction of Optokinetic Reflex and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex during Active and Passive Head Rotation.- 22. Inertial Representation of Visual and Vestibular Self-Motion Signals.- 23. The Visual Guidance of Ballistic Arm Movements.- 24. Self-Controlled Reproduction of Passive Linear Displacement: Distance, Duration, and Velocity.- 25. Adjustment of the Internal Sensorimotor Model in the Course of Adaptation to a Sustained Visuomotor Conflict.- 26. Fingertip Touch as an Orientation Reference for Human Postural Control.- 27. Effects of Neck Muscle Vibration and Caloric Vestibular Stimulation on the Perception of Subjective ‘Straight Ahead’ in Man.- 28. Body Leaning Induced by Galvanic Vestibular and Vibratory Leg Muscle Stimulation.- 29. Vestibular-Somatosensory Interactions for Human Posture.- 30. Eye-Head Coordination before and after Canal Plugging in Monkey.- 31. Subjectively Perceived Ego-Motion and Its Relation to Centrifuge Induced Motion Sickness.- 32. Angular Velocity Estimation under Varying Linear Acceleration.- 33. Evidence for Somatosensory Components in Movement-Evoked Brain Potentials.- 34. Control of Human Head Posture.- 35. Simple Model of Sensory Interaction in Human Postural Control.- 36. Efforts to Quantify Adaptation in Modeling of Postural Control.- 37. Central Vestibular Disorders of the Roll Plane.- 38. Posture Maintenance following Sensory Stimulation in Subjects with Normal and Defective Vestibular Function.- 39. Long-Term Adaptation of Dynamic Visual Acuity to Telescopic Spectacles by Low Vision Patients.- 40. Subjective Postural and Visual Vertical in Spasmodic Torticollis.- 41. Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Patients with Impaired Visual Motion Perception.- 42. Inertial Coriolis Force Perturbations of Arm and Head Movements Reveal Common, Non-vestibular Mechanisms.- 43. Influence of Short-and Long-Term Exposure to Real Microgravity on Kinematics of Pointing Arm Movements.- 44. Is Postural Stability Changed by Aviation Practice?.- 45. Effects of Orbital Space Flight on Vestibular Reflexes and Perception.