Description
Springer Nephrotoxic Mechanisms of Drugs and Environmental Toxins by George A. Porter
The majority of the offending toxicants to be reviewed in this volume were devel oped to help mankind, and it is only with prolonged or widespread application that their adverse effects have been recognized. Conversely, in the case of pre scrip tion drugs, there has been an attempt to identify the adverse effects in advance and incorporate these risks into the decision of approval for human consumption. Unfortunately, for those drugs in which recognized injury occurs only after prolonged use, such appraisals are made in retrospect. Despite this, most renal injury induced by drugs or toxicants can be either prevented by excluding drugs with unacceptable side effects or interrupted by eliminating the offending agent once damage is manifested. The fact that prevention, reversibility, or arrest of renal injury is possible provided a major impetus for this publication. Since no international registry for nephrotoxic injury exists, estimates of incidence must rely on less than ideal sources. Recently I, together with Dr. William Bennett, summarized a survey of the frequency of various categories of nephrologic disease (Porter and Bennett, 1981). Based on this survey, we projected that in nearly one of ten patients seeking nephrologic consultation a nephrotoxic etiology may be involved. Of cases of end-stage renal disease, between 3 and 4% are due to drug nephrotoxicity, according to recent published results(European Dialysis and Transplant Association, 1979). For acute renal failure, antibiotics and contrast agents persist as major offending agents, while for chronic renal failure, analgesics remain a worldwide problem._x000D_ Table of contents :- _x000D_
Section I. Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure.- 1. Overview of Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure.- 2. Pathology of Acute Renal Failure.- 3. Effect of Heavy Metals on Sodium Transport in Vitro.- 4. Renal Hemodynamics in Nephrotoxic Acute Renal Failure.- 5. The Glomerulus in Acute Renal Failure.- 6. Heavy Metal Models of Experimental Acute Renal Failure.- 7. Studies on Segmental Transport in Models of Acute Renal Failure.- 8. Enhancement of Renal Regeneration by Amino Acid Administration.- 9. Amphotericin B Toxicity for Epithelial Cells.- Section II. Renal Failure Due to Antimicrobial Agents.- 10. Antibiotic Nephrotoxicity: An Overview.- 11. Functional Considerations in Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity.- 12. Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity: Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Alterations in Rat Kidneys after Aminoglycoside Treatment.- 13. Aminoglycoside Interactions with Other Drugs: Clinical and Toxicologic Implications.- 14. Nephrotoxicity of Cephalosporin Antibiotics: Mechanisms and Modifying Factors.- 15. Tetracycline Nephrotoxicity.- Section III. Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Due to Drugs and Environmental Toxicants.- 16. Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy: An Overview.- 17. Current Concepts of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.- 18. Analgesic Nephropathy: Clinical and Epidemiologic Factors.- 19. Analgesic Nephropathy: Renal Drug Distribution and Metabolism.- 20. Endemic Balkan Nephropathy.- 21. Nephrotoxicity of Natural Products: Mycotoxin-Induced Nephropathy.- 22. Lead Nephrotoxicity.- 23. The Rat as an Animal Model of Lead Nephropathy.- Section IV. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Toxicity Induced by Environmental Toxins Jerry.- 24. Environmental Toxicities and Hazards: Introduction.- 25. Metabolism of Cadmium.- 26. Cadmium Nephropathy.- 27. Ultrastructural and Biochemical Localization of Organelle Damage from Nephrotoxic Agents.- 28. Mechanisms of Acute Nephrotoxicity: Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.- 29. Potentiation of the Action of Nephrotoxic Agents by Environmental Contaminants.- 30. Alteration of Chloroform-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Exogenous Ketones.- Section V. Immunologic Mechanisms and Toxic Nephropathies.- 31. Drug-Induced Renal Lesions: Immunopathologic Mechanisms.- 32. Antihistone Antibodies Induced by Procainamide and Hydralazine.- 33. Drug- and Toxin-Induced Nephritides: Anti-Kidney Antibody and Immune Complex Mediation.- 34. Immunological Mechanisms in Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis.- 35. Drug-Induced Nephritides: Immediate Hypersensitivity Mechanism.- 36. Gold-Induced Autoimmune Reactions.- 37. Mercuric Chloride-Induced Immunologically Mediated Diseases in Experimental Animals.- 38. Genetic Control of Mercury-Induced Immune Response in the Rat.- 39. The Application of a Radioimmunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Metallothionein (Thionein) in Physiologic Fluid of Humans and Rats._x000D_