Description
Springer New Trends in Green Chemistry by V.K. Ahluwalia, M. Kidwai
Organic chemistry has played a vital role in the development of diverse molecules which are used in medicines, agrochemicals and polymers. Most ofthe chemicals are produced on an industrial scale. The industrial houses adopt a synthesis for a particular molecule which should be cost-effective. No attention is paid to avoid the release of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere, land and sea. During the past decade special emphasis has been made towards green synthesis which circumvents the above problems. Prof. V. K. Ahluwalia and Dr. M. Kidwai have made a sincere effort in this direction. This book discusses the basic principles of green chemistry incorporating the use of green reagents, green catalysts, phase transfer catalysis, green synthesis using microwaves, ultrasound and biocatalysis in detail. Special emphasis is given to liquid phase reactions and organic synthesis in the solid phase. I must congratulate both the authors for their pioneering efforts to write this book. Careful selection of various topics in the book will serve the rightful purpose for the chemistry community and the industrial houses at all levels. PROF. JAVED IQBAL, PhD, FNA Distinguished Research Scientist & Head Discovery Research Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd._x000D_ Table of contents : - _x000D_
Foreword _x000D_
Preface _x000D_
1. Introduction 2. Designing a Green Synthesis _x000D_
2.1 Choice of Starting Materials _x000D_
2.2 Choice of Reagents _x000D_
2.3 Choice of Catalysts _x000D_
2.4 Choice of Solvents 3. Basic Principles of Green Chemistry _x000D_
3.1 Prevention of Waste/By-Products _x000D_
3.2 Maximum Incorporation of the Reactants (Starting Materials and Reagents) into the Final Product _x000D_
3.3 Prevention or Minimization of Hazardous Products _x000D_
3.4 Designing Safer Chemicals _x000D_
3.5 Energy Requirements for Synthesis _x000D_
3.6 Selection of Appropriate Solvent _x000D_
3 .7 Selection of Starting Materials _x000D_
3.8 Use of Protecting Groups _x000D_
3.9 Use of Catalyst _x000D_
3.10 Products Designed Should be Biodegradable _x000D_
3.11 Designing of Manufacturing Plants _x000D_
3.12 Strengthening of Analytical Techniques 4. Green Chemistry in Day-to-Day Life _x000D_
4.1 Dry Cleaning of Clothes _x000D_
4.2 Versatile Bleaching Agent 5. Environmental Pollution 6. Green Reagent _x000D_
6.1 Dimethylcarbonate _x000D_
6.2 Polymer Supported Reagents 7. Green Catalysts _x000D_
7.1 Acid Catalysts _x000D_
7.2 Oxidation Catalysts _x000D_
7.3 Basic Catalysts _x000D_
7.4 Polymer Supported Catalysts 8. Phase Transfer Catalysis in Green Synthesis _x000D_
8.1 Introduction_x000D_
8.2 Applications of PTC in Organic Synthesis _x000D_
8.3 Oxidation Using Hydrogen Peroxide Under PTC Condition _x000D_
8.4 Crown Ethers 9. Microwave Induced Green Synthesis _x000D_
9.1 Introduction _x000D_
9.2 Applications _x000D_
9.3 Conclusion 10. Ultrasound Assisted Green Synthesis _x000D_
10.1 Introduction _x000D_
10.2 Applications of Ultrasound _x000D_
10.3 Conclusion 11. Biocatalysts in Organic Synthesis_x000D_
11.1 Introduction _x000D_
11.2 Biochemical (Microbial) Oxidations _x000D_
11.3 Biochemical (Microbial) Reductions _x000D_
11.4 Enzymes Catalysed Hydrolytic Processes 12. Aqueous Phase Reactions _x000D_
12.1 Introduction _x000D_
12.2 Diels-Alder Reaction _x000D_
12.3 Claisen Rearrangement _x000D_
12.4 Wittig-Homer Reaction _x000D_
12.5 Michael Reaction _x000D_
12.6 Aldol Condensation _x000D_
12.7 Knoevenagel Reaction _x000D_
12.8 Pinacol Coupling _x000D_
12.9 Benzoin Condensation _x000D_
12.10 Claisen-Schmidt Condensation _x000D_
12.11 Heck Reaction _x000D_
12.12 Strecker Synthesis _x000D_
12.13 Wurtz Reaction _x000D_
12.14 Oxidations _x000D_
12.15 Reductions _x000D_
12.16 Polymerisation Reactions _x000D_
12.17 Photochemical Reactions _x000D_
12.18 Electrochemical Synthesis _x000D_
12.19 Miscellaneous Reactions in Aqueous Phase 13. Organic Synthesis in Solid State _x000D_
13.1 Introduction _x000D_
13.2 Solid Phase Organic Synthesis Without Using Any Solvent 13.3 Solid Supported Organic Synthesis 14. Versatile Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents _x000D_
14.1 Green Solvents _x000D_
14.2 Reactions in Acidic Ionic Liquids _x000D_
14.3 Reactions in Neutral Ionic Liquids 15. Synthesis Involving Basic Principles of Green Chemistry: Some Examples _x000D_
15.1 Introduction _x000D_
15.2 Synthesis of Styrene _x000D_
15.3 Synthesis of Adipic Acid, Catechol and 3-dehydroshikimic Acid (a potential replacement for BHT) _x000D_
15.4 Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate _x000D_
15.5 Synthesis of Urethane _x000D_
15.6 An Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Aromatic Amines 15.7 Selective Alkylation of Active Methylene Group _x000D_
15.8 Free Radical Bromination _x000D_
15.9 Acetaldehyde _x000D_
15.10 Furfural from Biomass _x000D_
15.11 Synthesis of (S)-metolachlor, an Optically Active Herbicide _x000D_
15.12 Synthesis of Ibuprofen _x000D_
15.13 Synthesis of Paracetamol _x000D_
15.14 Green Synthesis of 3-phenyl Catechol _x000D_
15.15 Synthesis of Epoxystyrene _x000D_
15.16 Synthesis of Citral_x000D_
15.17 Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid_x000D_
15.18 Use of Molting Accelerators to Replace More Toxic and Harmful Insecticides _x000D_
15.19 An Environmentally Safe Marine Antifoulant _x000D_
Suggested Readings _x000D_
Index_x000D_