Description
Humana Platelets And Megakaryocytes by Jonathan M. Gibbins , Martyn P. Mahaut-Smith
12 The average human body has in the order of 10 circulating platelets. They are crucial for hemostasis, and yet excessive platelet activation is a major cause of m- bidity and mortality in western societies. It is therefore not surprising that platelets have become one of the most extensively investigated biological cell types. We are, however, far from understanding precisely how platelets become activated under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In addition, there are large gaps in our knowledge of platelet production from their giant precursor cell, the megakar- cyte. Understanding megakaryocyte biology will be crucial for the development of platelet gene targeting. The aim of Platelets and Megakaryocytes is therefore to bring together established and recently developed techniques to provide a comprehensive guide to the study of both the platelet and the megakaryocyte. It consists of five s- tions split between two volumes. The more functional assays appear in Volume 1, whereas Volume 2 includes signaling techniques, postgenomic methods, and a n- ber of key perspectives chapters. Part I of Volume 1, Platelets and Megakaryocytes: Functional Assays, describes many well established approaches to the study of platelet function, including aggregometry, secretion, arachidonic acid metabolism, procoagulant responses, pla- let adhesion under static or flow conditions, flow cytometry, and production of microparticles. Although one would ideally wish to perform experiments with human platelets, studies within the circulation using intravital microscopy require the use of animal models, which are described in Chapter 16, vol. 1. Part I. Platelet Functional AssaysEffects of Anticoagulants Used During Blood Collection on Human Platelet FunctionJane A. May and Stanley HeptinstallPreparation of Washed Platelet Suspensions From Human and Rodent BloodJean-Pierre Cazenave, Philippe Ohlmann, Dominique Cassel, Anita Eckly, Beatrice Hechler, and Christian GachetPlatelet CountingPaul Harrison, Carol Briggs, and Samuel J. MachinElectron Microscopy Methods for Studying Platelet Structure and FunctionJames G. WhitePlatelet Aggregation: Turbidimetric MeasurementsGavin E. JarvisPlatelet Aggregation in Whole Blood: Impedance and Particle Counting MethodsGavin E. JarvisSecretion From Dense Granules: Luminescence Method for Adenine NucleotidesM. Fred HeathPlatelet Dense-Granule Secretion: The [3H]-5-HT Secretion AssayDavid Crosby and Alastair W. PooleAnalysis of Releasable Nucleotides of PlateletsJoachim Jankowski, Lars Henning, and Hartmut SchluterStudies of Secretion Using Permeabilized PlateletsTara W. Rutledge and Sidney W. WhiteheartMeasurement of Platelet Arachidonic Acid MetabolismRichard W. Farndale, Philip G. Hargreaves, Joanna L. Dietrich, and Rosemary J. KeoghMeasurement of the Platelet Procoagulant ResponseJohan W. M. Heemskerk, Paul Comfurius, Marion A. H. Feijge, and Edouard M. BeversPlatelet Adhesion Assays Performed Under Static ConditionsJoanne M. StevensPlatelet Adhesion Assays Under Flow Using Matrix Protein-Coupled Adhesion ColumnsRenata Polanowska-Grabowska and Adrian R. L. GearTechniques to Examine Platelet Adhesive Interactions Under FlowSuhasini Kulkarni, Warwick S. Nesbitt, Sacha M. Dopheide, Sascha C. Hughan, Ian S. Harper, and Shaun P. JacksonIn Vivo Models of Platelet Function and Thrombosis: Study ofReal-Time Thrombus FormationShahrokh Falati, Peter L. Gross, Glenn Merrill-Skoloff, Derek Sim, Robert Flaumenhaft, Alessandro Celi, Barbara C. Furie, and Bruce FurieAdhesion Between Platelets and Leukocytes or Endothelial CellsGerard B. NashIn Vitro Measurement of High-Shear Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation by the PFA-100 (R)Paul HarrisonFlow-Cytometric Analysis of Platelet-Membrane Glycoprotein Expression and Platelet ActivationAlison H. Goodall and Jackie ApplebyFlow-Cytometric Analysis of Mouse Platelet FunctionBernhard Nieswandt, Valerie Schulte, and Wolfgang BergmeierPlatelet MicroparticlesShosaku Nomura and Shirou FukuharaPart II. Megakaryocyte Functional AssaysIsolation of Primary Megakaryocytes and Studies of Proplatelet FormationRobert M. LevenIsolation and Culture of Megakaryocyte PrecursorsNajet Debili, Fawzia Louache, and William VainchenkerAssays of Megakaryocyte Development: Surface Antigen Expression, Ploidy, and SizeAnthony Mathur, Ying Hong, Guosu Wang, and Jorge D. ErusalimskyAssays of Megakaryocyte Development: Cytoplasm, Storage Granules, and Demarcation MembranesArnaud Drouin, Gulie Alimardani, and Elisabeth M. CramerThrombopoietin BioassayWarren S. Alexander and Craig HylandCulture of Megakaryocytic Cell Lines: Uses and LimitationsNorio KomatsuIndex