Description
JOHN WILEY Power Electronic Converters Dynamics And Control In Conventional And Renewable Energy Applications 2017 Edition by Teuvo Suntio, Tuomas Messo, Joonas Puukko
Filling the need for a reference that explains the behavior of power electronic converters, this book provides information currently unavailable in similar texts on power electronics. Clearly organized into four parts, the first treats the dynamics and control of conventional converters, while the second part covers the dynamics and control of DC-DC converters in renewable energy applications, including an introduction to the sources as well as the design of current-fed converters applying duality-transformation methods. The third part treats the dynamics and control of three-phase rectifiers in voltage-sourced applications, and the final part looks at the dynamics and control of three-phase inverters in renewable-energy applications. With its future-oriented perspective and advanced, first-hand knowledge, this is a prime resource for researchers and practicing engineers needing a ready reference on the design and control of power electronic converters. Preface xiiiAbout the Authors xvPart One Introduction 11 Introduction 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Implementation of Current-Fed Converters 61.3 Dynamic Modeling of Power Electronic Converters 71.4 Linear Equivalent Circuits 81.5 Impedance-Based Stability Assessment 121.6 Time Domain-Based Dynamic Analysis 141.7 Renewable Energy System Principles 171.8 Content Review 19References 202 Dynamic Analysis and Control Design Preliminaries 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Generalized Dynamic Representations - DC-DC 272.2.1 Introduction 272.2.2 Generalized Dynamic Representations 292.2.3 Generalized Closed-Loop Dynamics 302.2.4 Generalized Cascaded Control Schemes 332.2.5 Generalized Source and Load Interactions 382.2.6 Generalized Impedance-Based Stability Assessment 402.3 Generalized Dynamic Representations: DC-AC, AC-DC, and AC-AC 422.3.1 Introduction 422.3.2 Generalized Dynamic Representations 442.3.3 Generalized Closed-Loop Dynamics 482.3.4 Generalized Cascaded Control Schemes 502.3.5 Generalized Source and Load Interactions 542.3.6 Generalized Impedance-Based Stability Assessment 562.4 Small-Signal Modeling 572.4.1 Introduction 572.4.2 Average Modeling and Linearization 602.4.3 Modeling Coupled-Inductor Converters 642.4.4 Modeling in Synchronous Reference Frame 662.5 Control Design Preliminaries 772.5.1 Introduction 772.5.2 Transfer Functions 772.5.3 Stability 842.5.4 Transient Performance 952.5.5 Feedback-Loop Design Constraints 1002.5.6 Controller Implementations 1032.5.7 Optocoupler Isolation 1082.5.8 Application of Digital Control 1092.6 Resonant LC-Type Circuits 1102.6.1 Introduction 1102.6.2 Single-Section LC Filter 1122.6.3 LCL Filter 1132.6.4 CLCL Filter 115References 117Part Two Voltage-Fed DC-DC Converters 1233 Dynamic Modeling of Direct-on-Time Control 1253.1 Introduction 1253.2 Direct-on-Time Control 1273.3 Generalized Modeling Technique 1293.3.1 Buck Converter 1313.3.2 Boost Converter 1343.3.3 Buck-Boost Converter 1363.3.4 Superbuck Converter 1403.4 Fixed-Frequency Operation in CCM 1423.4.1 Buck Converter 1433.4.2 Boost Converter 1463.4.3 Buck-Boost Converter 1493.4.4 Superbuck Converter 1533.4.5 Coupled-Inductor Superbuck Converter 1573.5 Fixed-Frequency Operation in DCM 1633.5.1 Buck Converter 1643.5.2 Boost Converter 1673.5.3 Buck-Boost Converter 1703.6 Source and Load Interactions 1733.6.1 Source Interactions 1733.6.2 Input Voltage Feedforward 1743.6.3 Load Interactions 1763.6.4 Output-Current Feedforward 1773.7 Impedance-Based Stability Issues 1793.8 Dynamic Review 181References 1864 Dynamic Modeling of Current-Mode Control 1894.1 Introduction 1894.2 Peak Current Mode Control 1904.2.1 PCM Control Principles 1904.2.2 Development of Duty-Ratio Constraints in CCM 1924.2.3 Development of Duty-Ratio Constraints in DCM 1954.2.4 Origin and Consequences of Mode Limits in CCM and DCM 1964.2.5 Duty-Ratio Constraints in CCM 2014.2.5.1 Buck Converter 2014.2.5.2 Boost Converter 2014.2.5.3 Buck-Boost Converter 2024.2.5.4 Superbuck Converter 2044.2.5.5 Coupled-Inductor Superbuck Converter 2054.2.6 Duty-Ratio Constraints in DCM 2054.2.6.1 Buck Converter 2054.2.6.2 Boost Converter 2064.2.6.3 Buck-Boost Converter 2064.2.7 General PCM Transfer Functions in CCM 2074.2.8 PCM State Spaces and Transfer Functions in CCM 2094.2.8.1 Buck Converter 2094.2.8.2 Boost Converter 2114.2.8.3 Buck-Boost Converter 2134.2.8.4 Superbuck Converter 2154.2.8.5 Coupled-Inductor Superbuck Converter 2194.2.9 PCM State Spaces in DCM 2224.2.9.1 Buck Converter 2224.2.9.2 Boost Converter 2224.2.9.3 Buck-Boost Converter 2234.3 Average Current-Mode Control 2244.3.1 Introduction 2244.3.2 ACM Control Principle 2254.3.3 Modeling with Full Ripple Inductor Current Feedback 2264.4 Variable-Frequency Control 2304.4.1 Introduction 2304.4.2 Self-Oscillation Modeling - DOT and PCM Control 2314.5 Source and Load Interactions 2394.5.1 Output Current Feedforward 2404.6 Impedance-Based Stability Issues 2434.7 Dynamic Review 2444.8 Critical Discussions on PCM Models and Their Validation 2494.8.1 Ridley's Models 2494.8.2 The Book PCM Model in CCM 2524.8.3 Evaluation of PCM-Controlled Buck in CCM 2534.8.4 Evaluation of PCM-Controlled Boost in CCM 2584.8.5 Concluding Remarks 259References 2605 Dynamic Modeling of Current-Output Converters 2655.1 Introduction 2655.2 Dynamic Modeling 2675.3 Source and Load Interactions 2695.3.1 Source Interactions 2695.3.2 Load Interactions 2705.4 Impedance-Based Stability Issues 2715.5 Dynamic Review 272References 2756 Control Design Issues in Voltage-Fed DC-DC Converters 2776.1 Introduction 2776.2 Developing Switching and Average Models 2796.2.1 Switching Models 2796.2.2 Averaged Models 2876.3 Factors Affecting Transient Response 2916.3.1 Output Voltage Undershoot 2926.3.2 Settling Time 2946.4 Remote Sensing 3046.4.1 Introduction 3046.4.2 Remote Sensing Dynamic Effect Analysis Method 3046.4.3 Remote Sensing Impedance Block Examples 3066.4.4 Experimental Evidence 3076.5 Simple Control Design Method 3106.5.1 DDR-Controlled Buck Converter 3126.5.2 PCM-Controlled Buck Converter 3156.5.3 DDR-Controlled Boost Converter 3216.5.4 PCM-Controlled Boost Converter 3256.6 PCM-Controlled Superbuck Converter: Experimental Examples 3306.6.1 Introduction 3306.6.2 Discrete-Inductor Superbuck 3316.6.3 Coupled-Inductor Superbuck 3326.7 Concluding Remarks 334References 334Part Three Current-Fed Converters 3397 Introduction to Current-Fed Converters 3417.1 Introduction 3417.2 Duality Transformation Basics 3417.3 Duality-Transformed Converters 3457.4 Input Capacitor-Based Converters 351References 3528 Dynamic Modeling of DDR-Controlled CF Converters 3558.1 Introduction 3558.2 Dynamic Models 3568.2.1 Duality Transformed Converters 3588.2.1.1 Buck Converter 3588.2.1.2 Boost Converter 3658.2.1.3 Noninverting Buck-Boost Converter 3688.2.1.4 CF Superbuck Converter 3728.2.2 Input Capacitor-Based Converters 3768.2.2.1 Buck Power-Stage Converter 3778.2.2.2 Boost Power-Stage Converter 3838.2.2.3 Noninverting Buck-Boost Power-Stage Converter 3878.3 Source and Load Interactions 3908.3.1 CF-CO Converters 3908.3.1.1 Source Interactions 3908.3.1.2 Load Interactions 3918.3.2 CF-VO Converters 3928.3.2.1 Source Interactions 3928.3.2.2 Load Interactions 3938.4 Impedance-Based Stability Assessment 3948.5 Output-Voltage Feedforward 3948.6 Dynamic Review 397References 4009 Dynamic Modeling of PCM/PVM-Controlled CF Converters 4039.1 Introduction 4039.2 Duty-Ratio Constraints and Dynamic Models under PCM Control 4049.2.1 Buck Power-Stage Converter 4059.2.2 Boost Power-Stage Converter 4109.3 Duty-Ratio Constraints and Dynamic Models under PVM Control 4139.3.1 CF Buck Converter 4149.3.2 CF Superbuck Converter 4189.4 Concluding Remarks 420References 42010 Introduction to Photovoltaic Generator 42310.1 Introduction 42310.2 Solar Cell Properties 42410.3 PV Generator 42910.4 MPP Tracking Methods 43210.5 MPP Tracking Design Issues 43610.5.1 Introduction 43610.5.2 General Dynamics of PV Power 43710.5.3 PV Interfacing Converter Operating at Open Loop 43910.5.4 PV Interfacing Converter Operating at Closed Loop 44710.5.4.1 Reduced-Order Models: Intuitive Model Reduction 45210.5.4.2 Reduced-Order Models: Control-Engineering-Based Method 45410.5.4.3 Reduced-Order Model Verification 45510.6 Concluding Remarks 461References 46111 Photovoltaic Generator Interfacing Issues 46511.1 Introduction 46511.2 Centralized PV System Architecture 46511.3 Distributed PV System Architectures 46511.4 PV Generator-Induced Effects on Interfacing-Converter Dynamics 47011.4.1 Introduction 47011.4.2 PV Generator Effects on Converter Dynamics 47411.4.2.1 Buck Power-Stage Converter 47611.4.2.2 Boost Power-Stage Converter 47711.4.2.3 CF Superbuck Converter 48011.5 Stability Issues in PV Generator Interfacing 48211.5.1 Buck Power-Stage Converter 48311.5.2 CF Superbuck Converter 48511.5.3 Concluding Remarks 48811.6 Control Design Issues 488References 488Part Four Three-Phase Grid-Connected Converters 49112 Dynamic Modeling of Three-Phase Inverters 49312.1 Introduction 49312.2 Dynamic Model of Voltage-Fed Inverter 49412.2.1 Average Model of Voltage-Fed Inverter 49412.2.2 Linearized State-Space and Open-Loop Dynamics 49912.2.3 Control Block Diagrams of Voltage-Fed Inverter 50312.2.4 Verification of Open-Loop Model 50312.3 Dynamic Model of Current-Fed Inverter 50712.3.1 Average Model of Current-Fed Inverter 50712.3.2 Linearized Model and Open-Loop Dynamics 51012.3.3 Control Block Diagrams of Current-Fed Inverter 51212.3.4 Verification of Open-Loop Model 51212.4 Source-Affected Dynamics of Current-Fed Inverter 51512.4.1 Source Effect: Photovoltaic Generator 51712.4.2 Source Effect: Experimental Validation 52012.5 Dynamic Model of Current-Fed Inverter with LCL-Filter 52412.5.1 Average Model of Current-Fed Inverter with LCL-Filter 52512.5.2 Linearized State-Space and Open-Loop Dynamics 52712.6 Summary 528Appendix 12.A 528References 53013 Control Design of Grid-Connected Three-Phase Inverters 53313.1 Introduction 53313.2 Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop 53313.2.1 Linearized Model of SRF-PLL 53613.2.2 Control Design of SRF-PLL 53813.2.3 Damping Ratio and Undamped Natural Frequency 54113.2.4 Control Design Example and Experimental Verification 54113.2.5 The Effect of Unbalanced Grid Voltages 54413.3 AC Current Control 54713.3.1 Current Control in the dq-Domain 54813.3.2 Current Control in Voltage-Fed Inverters 54813.4 Decoupling Gains 55913.5 Grid Voltage Feedforward 56213.6 Cascaded Control Scheme in Current-Fed Inverters 56313.6.1 Control Block Diagrams 56413.6.2 Control Design of Cascaded Loops 56613.6.3 Instability Caused by RHP-Pole 57013.6.4 Stability Assessment Using the Nyquist Stability Criterion 57413.6.5 Design Example: Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter 57413.7 Case Study: Instability Due to RHP-Pole 58113.8 Summary 583References 58314 Reduced-Order Closed-Loop Modeling of Inverters 58714.1 Introduction 58714.2 Reduced-Order Model of Voltage-Fed Inverter 58714.2.1 Closed-Loop Model with AC Current Control 58814.2.2 Closed-Loop Model with SRF-PLL 59114.2.3 Closed-Loop Input Admittance 59514.2.4 Output Impedance with Grid Voltage Feedforward 59614.2.5 Impedance Characteristics of Voltage-Fed Inverters 60214.3 Reduced-Order Model of Current-Fed Inverter with L-Type Filter 60214.3.1 Closed-Loop Model with Cascaded Control Scheme 60214.3.2 Effect of Input Voltage Control Bandwidth 60514.3.3 Effect of AC Current Control Bandwidth 60614.3.4 Experimental Verification: Measured Impedance d-Component 60814.3.5 Effect of SRF-PLL 60914.3.6 Effect of Grid Voltage Feedforward on Impedance d-Component 61014.3.7 Effect of Grid Voltage Feedforward on Impedance q-Component 61514.4 Closed-Loop Model of Current-Fed Inverter with LC-Type Filter 61914.4.1 Experimental Verification of Impedance Model 62514.4.2 Impedance Characteristics of Inverter with LC-Filter and Feedforward 63014.5 Summary 630References 63015 Multivariable Closed-Loop Modeling of Inverters 63315.1 Introduction 63315.2 Full-Order Model of Current-Fed Inverter with L-Type Filter 63315.2.1 Verification of Dynamic Model 64315.3 Experimental Verification of Admittance Model 64615.4 Full-Order Model of Current-Fed Inverter with LCL-Type Filter 64815.4.1 Verification of Closed-Loop Model 65315.4.2 Measured Output Impedance of PV Inverter 65615.5 Summary 659References 66016 Impedance-Based Stability Assessment 66316.1 Introduction 66316.2 Modeling of Three-Phase Load Impedance in the dq-Domain 66416.3 Impedance-Based Stability Criterion 66716.4 Case Studies 66916.4.1 Instability Due to High-Bandwidth PLL in Weak Grid 66916.4.2 Instability Due to Control Delay in Feedforward Path 67416.5 Summary 678References 67817 Dynamic Modeling of Three-Phase Active Rectifiers 68117.1 Introduction 68117.2 Open-Loop Dynamics 68117.3 Verification of Open-Loop Model 68817.4 Experimental Results 69117.5 Summary 695References 695Index 697