Description
Springer Practical Echocardiography in the Adult with Doppler and color-Doppler flow imaging 1st Editon 2011 Softbound by J.P.M Hamer
Since the introduction of ultrasound in cardiology in the mid fifties, echocar diography has continued to grow and has finally become, in particular after the introduction of Doppler modalities, the working horse of the cardiologist. Although many books have been written on this subject Dr. Hamer's book is a very valuable contribution, as it provides, in particular information for practicing clinicians and technicians. Clearly written and nicely illustrated, this book is a must for those interested in this field. C.A. Visser Professor of Echocardiology Preface Trans-thoracic echocardiography is a patient friendly technique without pain or discomfort. It is harmless and the patient can relax during the examination. With these advantages in mind there is hardly any technique in cardiology that can provide so much valuable information about the function of the heart. If Doppler and color Doppler, also painless techniques, are added to echo cardiography additional information about blood flow velocities, insufficiency and stenosis of valves, detection of shunts etc. is obtainable. Less patient friendly but - if selectively used - very informative, is trans esophageal (color Doppler) echocardiography. Foreword.- Preface.- Acknowledgements.- 1. Principles of Ultrasound.- Terminology.- Types of systems.- Image quality.- The ultrasound beam.- frequency of the transducer.- focus.- axial resolution.- lateral resolution.- side lobes.- reverberations.- The medium.- Manipulation of echoes.- gain control.- reject control.- gray scale.- 2. Trans-Thoracic Echocardioraphic Examination.- Position of the patient, examiner and equipment.- Standard transducer positions.- 3. Trans-esophageal Echocardiographic Examination.- Indications.- Information for the patient.- Technique of introduction.- Transducer positions.- The esophagoscope.- 4. Contrast Echocardiography.- 5. Phonocardiography and Pulse Recording.- Phonocardiogram.- Pulse recordings.- Carotid pulse recording and systolic time intervals.- Apexcardiogram.- Liver pulse recording.- 6. Principles of Doppler.- Continuous wave Doppler.- Pulsed Doppler.- Aliasing.- Angle.- Measurement of pressure differences.- Color Doppler.- Combined echo-Doppler examinations.- 7. Doppler Examination.- Mitral valve.- LV outflow tract.- Aortic valve.- Ascending and descending aorta.- Pulmonic valve.- Tricuspid valve.- SVC, IVC and hepatic veins.- 8. Heart Disease in the Adult.- Left Ventricle.- The normal left ventricle.- Echocardiographic evaluation.- transducer positions.- measurements.- Doppler evaluation.- Pulse recordings.- The abnormal left ventricle.- Local abnormalities.- wall motion.- ischemic heart disease.- conduction disturbances.- RV overload.- wall thickness.- hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy.- thrombi.- tumors.- myocardial infarction and aneurysm.- Diffuse abnormalities.- Other diseases with myocardial involvement.- Right Ventricle.- The normal right ventricle.- Echocardiographic evaluation.- Doppler evaluation.- The abnormal right ventricle.- Right ventricular overload.- volume overload.- pressure overload.- Wall thickness.- Moderator band, double-chambered RV,.- sub-valvular pulmonic stenosis.- Pressure measurements.- Left Atrium.- The normal left atrium.- Transducer positions.- Size and measurements.- The abnormal left atrium.- Function.- Enlargement.- Right Atrium and Inferior Vena Cava.- The normal right atrium.- Transducer positions, size and measurements.- The abnormal right atrium.- Enlargement.- The inferior vena cava.- Diameters.- Aoatic Valve and Root.- The normal aortic valve and root.- In normal conditions.- In abnormal conditions.- The abnormal aortic valve and root.- Congenital abnormalities.- Aortic stenosis.- under-estimation of the severity.- over-estimation of the severity.- Aortic insufficiency.- direct features.- indirect features.- Mitral Valve.- The normal mitral valve.- Possible recordings of anatomical normal mitral leaflets.- in normal conditions.- in abnormal conditions.- The abnormal mitral valve.- Mitral insufficiency.- diagnosis and severity.- causes.- Mitral stenosis.- diagnosis and severity.- further evaluation of the severity.- under-estimation of the severity.- Pulmonic Valve.- The normal pulmonic valve.- Pulmonic stenosis.- Sub-valvular pulmonic stenosis.- Pulmonic insufficiency.- Tricuspid Valve.- The normal tricuspid valve.- Tricuspid stenosis.- Tricuspid insufficiency.- Prosthetic Valves.- Evaluation of prosthetic valve function.- Endocarditis and prosthetic valves.- Thoracic Aorta.- Coarctation.- Dissection.- Endocarditis.- Pericardial Diseases.- Pericardial effusion.- Constrictive pericarditis.- Pericardial cysts.- Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities in The Adult.- Atrial septal defect and abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins.- Ventricular septal defect.- Patent ductus arteriosus (Botalli).- Ebstein’s anomaly.- Intracardiac Masses.- Thrombi.- Myxoma’s.- Malignancies.- Questionable recordings.- 9. Echocardiography Report.- 10. Anatomy, Nomenclature and Function of the Normal Heart.- Abbreviations.