Description
Taylor & Francis Reuse of Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation 2000 Edition by Donald F. Lowe, Carroll L. Oubre, C. H. Ward
Surfactant-enhanced or cosolvent-enhanced ground water remediation remains one of the most promising extensions to pump-and-treat technology for contaminant source removal. This technology has proven effective in field demonstrations for the enhanced removal of both LNAPLS and DNAPLS. The cost of the surfactant and above ground fluid treatment presents the most serious impediment to full-scale application of this technology. Reuse of Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation provides the results of a field demonstration of an economical in situ treatment for NAPL remediation.The field demonstration focused on the recovery of surfactants ready for reuse and included the following objectives: Evaluate the technologies that recover surfactants for reuse in aquifer remediationDemonstrate the most promising treatment at a field sitePerform economic analyses for the pilot-scale and full-scale in situ surfactant-aided soil flushing technologiesEstimate potential performance and applicability of the in situ surfactant-aided technologiesRecovery and reuse of surfactants used in site remediation can substantially improve the overall economics. Prior to this project, it had not been demonstrated that a surfactant recovery process could be reliably designed and operated at field conditions. Nor had the question of the most cost effective surfactant recovery scheme been addressed. Reuse of Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation highlights innovative and cost effective technologies for ground water remediaiton. Table of Contents : IntroductionBackground of Surfactant Recovery ProcessProject Objectives and GoalsScope and Technical ApproachMonograph OrganizationPreliminary Evaluation of ProcessesSummary of Preliminary ReviewSurfactant Contaminant Removal ProcessSurfactant Concentration ProcessLaboratory StudiesGeneral Considerations for Laboratory TestsBench-Scale Process EvaluationPreliminary Economic EvaluationLaboratory Tests for Design ParametersResults and ConclusionsDemonstration DesignField Site SelectionSite CharacteristicsField Demonstration DesignField DemonstrationPilot System Field ImplementationScenarios for the Pilot Surfactant Recovery TestPilot System Operation and MaintenanceSampling and Chemical AnalysesSite Restoration and Waste ManagementPerformance Data EvaluationDiscussion of Field Demonstration ResultsField Demonstration ConclusionsRecommendationsHypothetical Full Scale System Design and Economic AnalysisApproach to Full Scale DesignMeasurement ProceduresFull Scale DesignCost and Economic AnalysisPerformance and Potential ApplicationSummary of Potential PerformanceSite Characteristics Affecting Applicability, Performance, and CostDesign and Operating Parameters Affecting Performance, Applicability and CostMaterial Handling RequirementsRegulatory Requirements for Performance and Compliance CriteriaReferencesAppendicesAppendix A: Preliminary Technology Evaluation and Process DescriptionAppendix B: Experimental DesignAppendix C: SASM: Surfactant Air Stripping ModelAppendix D: Detailed Laboratory Test ResultsAppendix E: SASM Results for Pilot-System Design and Scale-UpAppendix F: Detailed Field Activity and Test Result SummaryAppendix G: Pilot Unit Operation ProceduresAppendix H: Engineering Design for Surfactant-Foam With Recovery and ReuseAppendix I: Base Case DrawingsAppendix J: Design Spreadsheets and Mass BalanceAppendix K: STRIPR Output for Full Scale Process DesignAppendix L: Cost EstimatesAppendix M: Equipment Specifications for Full Scale ProcessReferencesIndex