Description
Cambridge Safeguarding The Ozone Layer And The Global Climate System Special Report Of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Scientific evidence linking chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances to global ozone depletion led to the initial control of chemicals under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. Since then it has been realized that some actions taken to reduce future depletion of the ozone layer could also influence global warming. When the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997, countries had new incentives to take account of how choices among substitutes could affect the objectives of both Protocols. This report provides the scientific context required for consideration of these choices; potential methodologies for assessing options; and technical issues relating to greenhouse gas emission reduction opportunities for each of the sectors involved, including refrigeration, air conditioning, foams, aerosols, fire protection and solvents. This IPCC/TEAP Special Report provides invaluable information for researchers in environmental science, climatology, and atmospheric chemistry, policy-makers in governments and environmental organizations, and scientists and engineers in industry. Table of ContentsPart 1. Sources and Consequences of DNA Damage1. Introduction: Biological Responses to DNA Damage 2. DNA Damage 3. Introduction to MutagenesisPart 2. Correcting Altered Bases in DNA: DNA Repair4. Reversal of Base Damage Caused by UV Radiation 5. Reversal of Alkylation Damage in DNA 6. Base Excision Repair 7. Nucleotide Excision Repair: General Features and the Process in Prokaryotes 8. Nucleotide Excision Repair in Eukaryotes: Cell Biology and Genetics 9. Mechanism of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Eukaryotes 10. Heterogeneity of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Eukaryotic Genomes 11. Alternative Excision Repair of DNA 12. Mismatch Repair 13. Repair of Mitochondrial DNA DamagePart 3. DNA Damage Tolerance and Mutagenesis14. The SOS Responses of Prokaryotes to DNA Damage 15. Mutagenesis and Translesion Synthesis in Prokaryotes 16. Recombinational Repair, Replication Fork Repair, and DNA Damage Tolerance 17. DNA Damage Tolerance and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotic Cells 18. Managing DNA Strand Breaks in Eukaryotic Cells: Repair Pathway Overview and Homologous Recombination 19. Managing DNA Strand Breaks in Eukaryotic Cells: Nonhomologous End Joining and Other PathwaysPart 4. Regulatory Responses to DNA Damage in Eukaryotes20. Cell Cycle Checkpoints: General Introduction and Mechanisms of DNA Damage Sensing 21. Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Signal Transmission and Effector Targets 22. Transcriptional Responses to DNA Damage 23. DNA Damage and the Regulation of Cell FatePart 5. Disease States Associated with Defective Biological Responses to DNA Damage24. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: a Disease Associated with Defective Nucleotide Excision Repair or Defective Translesion DNA Synthesis 25. Other Diseases Associated with Defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair of DNA 26. Diseases Associated with Defective Responses to DNA Strand Breaks 27. Diseases Associated with Disordered DNA Helicase Function 28. Additional Diseases Associated with Defective Responses to DNA Damage 29. Hereditary Diseases that Implicate Defective Responses to DNA Damage 30. DNA Polymorphisms in Gatekeeper and Guardian GenesAppendixTable 1. Nomenclature of DNA repair genes Table 2. Human hereditary diseases and defective cellular responses to DNA damage