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Bloomsbury Publishing PLC The Militarisation of Peacekeeping in the Twenty-First Century by James Sloan
Since the end of the last century UN peacekeeping has undergone a fundamental and largely unexamined change. Peacekeeping operations long expected to use force only in self-defence and to act impartially are now increasingly relied upon by the Security Council as a means to maintain and restore security within a country. The operations are established under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and some are empowered to use all necessary measures language traditionally reserved for enforcement operations. Through a close examination of these twenty-first century peacekeeping operations - including operations in Sierra Leone the Democratic Republic of the Congo Liberia Cote dIvoire Haiti and the Darfur region of the Sudan - the book shows that they are for the most part fundamentally ill-suited to the enforcement-type tasks being asked of them. The operations which are under-funded under-equipped and whose troops are under-trained frequently lurch from crisis to crisis. There is scant evidence some 10 years on that matters are likely to improve. The book argues that bestowing enforcement-type functions on a peacekeeping operation is misconceived. Such operations are likely to be unsuccessful in their enforcement-type tasks thereby causing serious damage to the excellent reputation of UN peacekeeping and the UN more broadly. In addition because such operations are more likely to be perceived as partial their ability to carry out traditional (non-forceful) peacekeeping tasks may be impeded. Finally the Security Councils practice of charging peacekeeping operations with enforcement functions lessens the pressure on the Council to work to establish genuine enforcement operations - ie operations that are considerably better suited to restoring peace and securityDr Sloan is able to show in knowledgeable detail not only what has changed over the years but also what has brought these changes about. His analysis leads him to offer not only well-informed insights but critical observations too.This book is a pleasing combination of detailed scrutiny of topics already familiar (provisional measures consent so-called Chapter VI1/2 action implied powers) and a rigorous questioning as to their place in - or indeed relevance at all to - militarised peacekeeping. The reader will find much new terrain traversed and plenty of out-of-the-box thinking.From the foreword by Dame Rosalyn Higginsshow more