Description
Kluwer Academic The Neurobiologic Mechanisms In Manipulative Therapy 1978 Edition by I. M. Korr
At the request of a Subcommittee of the United States Senate, in February, 1975, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (now the National Institute of Neurological and Communi- cative Disorders and Stroke) conducted a Workshop on the Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. The Workshop was held in response to the Senate Subcommittee's request for an "independent unbiased study of the fundamentals of the chiropractic profession. " Since spinal manipulative therapy is a key tenet of chiropractic, the Institute felt a research workshop focused on that issue would provide a useful base upon which to examine the broad concept of the role of biomechanical alterations of the spine in health and disease. This would include the pathophysiologic and clinical hypotheses formulated by medical and osteopathic physicians as w~ll as chiropractors. Why the relatively sudden interest of the Senate Subcommittee in chiropractic? There were probably many reasons for that interest, but suffice to say anticipation of discussion on the role of chiro- practic in any national system of health insurance could in itself have provided adequate stimulus for the request.In any case, the NINCDS was asked to review what was and what was not known about the fundamentals of chiropractic. I stress "fundamentals" since as a research organization, the NINCDS is not charged with review- ing matters such as clinical education, licensure or clinical prac- tice. A small expert committee of scientific consultants helped the Institute design the format and agenda for the Workshop. Table of contents : Clinical Observations and Emerging Questions.- The Contribution of Clinical Observation to Neurobiological Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy.- Muscles, Central Nervous Motor Regulation, and Back Problems.- Manipulative Therapy in Relation to Total Health Care.- The Clinical Basis for Discussion of Mechanisms of Manipulative Therapy.- Discussion of Clinical Observations and Emerging Questions.- Impulse-Based Mechanisms.- Somatic Sources of Afferent Input as Factors in Aberrant Autonomic, Sensory, and Motor Function.- Discussion.- Traumatized Nerves, Roots, and Ganglia: Musculoskeletal Factors and Neuropathological Consequences.- Discussion of Excitation and Conduction in Traumatized Nerves.- Somatoautonomic Reflexology - Normal and Abnormal.- Autonomic System Reactions Caused by Excitation of Somatic Afferents: Study of Cutaneo-Intestinal Reflex.- Sustained Sympathicotonia as a Factor in Disease.- Discussion of Impulse-Based Mechanisms.- Nonimpulse-Based Mechanisms.- Axonal Transport: The Mechanisms and Their Susceptibility to Derangement; Anterograde Transport.- Transfer of Information from Effector Organs to Innervating Neurons by Retrograde Axonal Transport of Macromolecules.- Discussion and Short Reports on Axonal Transport.- Impairment of Intraneural Microcirculation, Blood-Nerve Barrier, and Axonal Transport in Experimental Nerve Ischemia and Compression.- Discussion.- Calcium and the Mechanism of Axoplasmic Transport.- Discussion.- Trophic Changes in Afflictions of the Motor Unit.- Wing Flapping and Other Moving Topics: A Developmental Perspective.- Discussion of the Trophic Functions of Nerves and Their Mechanisms in Relation to Manipulative Therapy.- Concluding Discussion.- Clinical Observations and Emerging Questions.- Impulse-Based Mechanisms.- Nonimpulse-Based Mechanisms.- Chairman's Concluding Statement.