Description
Springer Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of the Eye by Charles J. Pavlin, F.Stuart Foster
The history of the use of ultrasound in medicine has been one of evolution of technology and innovative methods of applying this technology to imaging body structures. Many scientists and clinicians have contributed to this evolution. Ophthalmic ultrasound has become an indispensible tool in ophthalmic practice, with its own instrumentation and techniques. Ultrasound frequencies used in ophthalmology have generally been higher than those used in general medicine because of a requirement for higher resolution and a lesser need for deep penetration. Most ophthalmic diagnostic equipment uses frequencies in the 10 MHz range. The use of ultrasound frequencies in the 50-100 MHz range is a relatively new development in ultrasound imaging of the eye. This technique has been developed in our laboratories over the past several years. We have progressed from the theoretical description of the basic science required, past the first in-vitro experiments in eye bank eyes, to the construction of an instrument capable of clinical application. We have gained broad clinical experience with this instrument in normal patients and patients with ocular disease. A commercial instrument based on our original clinical scanner has recently become available, allowing other clinicians to apply this tool to ophthalmic research and clinical practice. We have applied the term ultrasound biomicroscopy to this new imaging technique because of similarities to optical biomicroscopy, i. e. , the observation of living tissue at microscopic resolution._x000D_ Table of contents : - _x000D_
1 Basic Considerations.- 1 Basic Physics of High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging.- The Acoustic Spectrum.- Fundamental Properties of Acoustic Waves.- Acoustical Properties of Ocular Tissues at High Frequencies.- Principles of Pulse Echo (Backscatter) Imaging.- Resolution and Penetration.- Summary.- References.- 2 Instrumentation for Ultrasound Biomicroscopy.- Scanner Design.- Transducers.- Image Quality.- Measurement Accuracy.- Safety of High-Frequency Ultrasound.- Future Development.- References.- 3 Examination Techniques.- Patient Preparation.- Examination of the Eye.- Use of the Commercial Scanner.- Image Storage and Retrieval.- Measurement Techniques.- References.- 4 Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Anatomy of the Normal Eye and Adnexa.- The Cornea.- The Sclera.- Anterior Chamber.- The Angle.- The Iris.- The Ciliary Body and Posterior Chamber.- The Peripheral Retina.- Ocular Adnexa.- References.- 2 Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of Ocular Disease.- 5 Glaucoma.- Angle Closure Glaucoma.- Open Angle Glaucoma.- Glaucoma Surgery.- Summary.- References.- 6 Anterior Segment Tumors.- Iris Tumors.- Ciliary Body Tumors.- Cysts.- Peripheral Choroidal Tumors.- Lymphoma and Leukemia.- Summary.- 7 Trauma.- Angle Recession.- Iridodialysis.- Cyclodialysis.- Hyphema.- Vitreous Hemorrhage.- Corneal Blood Staining.- Foreign Bodies.- Epithelial Downgrowth.- Summary.- References.- 8 Corneal Disease.- Corneal Edema.- Corneal Opacification and Underlying Changes.- Conjunctival Flaps.- Corneal Grafts.- Corneal Dystrophies.- Refractive Surgery.- Summary.- References.- 9 Scleral Disease.- Localized Scleral Staphyloma.- Episcleritis.- Diffuse Scleritis.- Nodular Scleritis.- Necrotizing Scleritis.- Summary.- References.- 10 Intraocular Lenses.- Anterior Chamber Lenses.- Posterior Chamber Lenses.- Intraocular Lens Complications.- Summary.- References.- 11 Conjunctival and Adnexal Disease.- Conjunctival and Limbal Disease.- Tumors in the Superotemporal Quadrant.- Eyelid Disease.- Summary.- References._x000D_