Description
Springer Video Microscopy The Fundamentals 2nd Edition 2012 Softbound by Shinya Inoué, Kenneth R. Spring
The current edition of Video Microscopy has been totally revised to reflect the advances in the tools for electronic imaging, processing, recording, and analysis, as well as applications that are being made in video microscopy and related modes of electronic imaging. The less spiral organization of the revised edition reflects an audience expected to be more experi enced in video and computer image processing than in the earlier days when coupling of video equipment and computers to the light microscope was still considered to be a novelty. Nevertheless, we have emphasi2;ed the how-tos, as well as the fundamental principles, involved in imaging and processing ih the light microscope, the human visual system, video and related electronic imaging, and the digital image processor in the hope that the reader will develop enough understanding, not only to apply rationally what is available, but also to contribute actively to the development of this evolving field. In the text, the terms appearing in the Glossary are printed in bold type, generally, at first appearance. Italics are used for emphasis. 1 Why Video?.- 1.1. Pre-1940: The Invention of TV.- 1.2. Earlier Applications of Video to Microscopy.- 1.3. Where We Are Today.- 1.4. A Few General Remarks.- 2 Microscope Image Formation.- 2.1. Introduction: Essential Optical Train of the Light Microscope.- 2.2. Imaging Components in the Light Microscope: Magnification.- 2.3. Principles of Koehler Illumination.- 2.4. Image Resolution and Wave Optics.- 2.5. Performance Characteristics of Microscope Optics.- 2.6. Generation of Image Contrast.- 2.7. Scanning Microscopy.- 2.8. Optical Sectioning, Stereoscopy, and 3-D Imaging.- 2.9. Image Reduction and Optical Manipulation of the Specimen with the Light Microscope.- 3 Practical Aspects of Microscopy.- 3.1. Adjusting the Microscope for Koehler Illumination.- 3.2. Light Sources and Microscope Image Brightness.- 3.3. Choice and Care of Lenses for Video Microscopy.- 3.4. The Microscope Stand.- 4 Physiological Characteristics of the Eye.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Structure, Refraction, and Accommodation of the Human Eye.- 4.3. Visual Sensitivity and Adaptation.- 4.4. Resolution, Visual Acuity.- 4.5. Contrast Discrimination and the Modulation Transfer Function.- 4.6. Flicker.- 4.7. Color Vision.- 4.8. Stereoscopy.- 4.9. Additional Remarks.- 5 Video Signal Fundamentals.- 5.1. The Video Image and Signal.- 5.2. How Video Works.- 5.3. Timing Pulses and the Composite Video Signal.- 5.4. Image Resolution and the Video Signal.- 5.5. Synchronizing the Video Equipment.- 6 Detection of Light and Monochrome Vidicon Cameras.- 6.1. Photomultiplier Tubes.- 6.2. Imaging: From Photomultiplier Tubes to Video.- 6.3. Characterizing Video Sensors.- 6.4. Performance Comparisons.- 7 Solid-State Detectors and Cameras.- 7.1. Simple Solid-State Detectors.- 7.2. Spatial Discrimination with Solid-State Detector Arrays.- 7.3. CCD Fundamentals.- 7.4. Other Video-Rate Solid-State Sensors and Cameras.- 7.5. Slow-Scan CCD Cameras.- 7.6. High-Speed Imaging with Solid-State Detectors.- 8 Low-Light-Level Cameras.- 8.1. The Development of Low-Light-Level Video-Rate Cameras.- 8.2. Newer-Generation Image Intensifiers.- 8.3. Coupling Intensifiers to Video-Rate Cameras and Slow-Scan CCDs.- 8.4. Photon-Counting Detectors.- 8.5. Low-Light-Level Imaging Requirements in Microscopy.- 9 Color Video Signal and Color Cameras.- 9.1. Color Fundamentals.- 9.2. Color Video Encoding.- 9.3. Color Video Cameras.- 9.4. Some Considerations Regarding Color Signals.- 10 Video Monitors, Projectors, and Printers.- 10.1. Some General Considerations.- 10.2. Monochrome CRT Video Monitors.- 10.3. Color CRT Video Monitors.- 10.4. Solid-State and Plasma Display Monitors—Monochrome and Color.- 10.5. Video Projectors.- 10.6. Video Printers and Production of Video Micrographs.- 10.7. Optical Copying with Video.- 10.8. Stereo Video Displays.- 11 Video Recorders.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Video Tape Recording.- 11.3. Videotape Formats—Monochrome and Color.- 11.4. Characterization of VTRs for Video Microscopy.- 11.5. Time-Lapse VTRs, Time-Base Errors, High-Speed VTRs.- 11.6. Care and Maintenance of the VCR.- 11.7. Choice and Care of the Videotape.- 11.8. Copying and Editing onto Videotape.- 11.9. Special Effects.- 11.10. Video Disk Recorders.- 11.11. Digital Video Recording.- 12 Digital Image Processing.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Digital Image Acquisition.- 12.3. Image Processor Architecture.- 12.4. Digital Signal Processing.- 12 5 Image Analysis—Measurement of Intensity.- 12.6. Image Analysis—Morphometric Operations.- 12.7. Image Processing—Convolutions, Filters, Transforms.- 12.8. Display of Digitized Images.- 13 System Integration.- 13.1. Initial Adjustments and Connections in a Basic System.- 13.2. Component Selection.- 13.3. Making Connections.- 13.4. Reducing Noise.- 13.5. Environmental Considerations.- 13.6. The Limits of Video Microscopy.- Postscript.- References.- List of Manufacturers.