Description
Springer Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels by Gerald Werner Zamponi
oltage-gated calcium channels are essential mediators of a range of physiological functions, including the communication between nerve Vcells, the regulation of heart beat, muscle contraction, and secretion of hormones such as insulin. Consequently, these channels are critical phar macological targets in the treatment of a variety of disorders, such as epi lepsy, hypertension, and pain. Voltage-gated calcium channels have there fore been subject to intense study by numerous investigators over the past few decades, and an immense body of work has accumulated. In this book, we provide the first comprehensive overview of our current state of knowl edge concerning this exciting field of research. Leading off with a general review of calcium signaling and techniques to measure calcium channel ac tivity, the book delves into a provocative overview of the history of the cal cium channel field, contributed by one of the key pioneers in the field. Dr. Richard Tsien. This is followed by an in depth review of the biochemical and molecular biological characterization of calcium channel genes by Drs. Catterall and Snutch whose research has resulted in major advances in the calcium channel field. A number of chapters are dedicated towards various aspects of calcium channel structure and function, including channel gat ing, permeation, modulation and interactions with members of the exo- totic machinery-contributed by both established leaders and rising stars in the field._x000D_ _x000D_
Preface ................................................................................................ xiv 1. Ca2+ Chemistry Storage and Transport in Biologic Systems: An Overview .......................................................................................... 1 Tashi G. Kinjo and Paul P.M. Schnetkamp Why Ca2+ Unique Chemical and Physical Features ............................... 1 Ca2+ Evolution a Rejection from Cytoplasm .......................................... 2 Ca2+ Signaling and Storage the Endoplasmic Recticulum ...................... 2 The Role of Ca2+ within the ER ............................................................ 3 ER Heterogeneity Ca2+ Tunneling Versus Ca2+ Compartmentalization .............................................................. 3 Ca2+ Signaling and Storage Mitochondria ............................................. 4 Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Function and Effects ................................. 4 Ca2+ Buffering; Cytosolic and Lumenal ................................................. 5 Channels that Lead to an Increase in Cytosolic Ca2+ .......................................... 5 Intracellular Ca2+ Release Channels ....................................................... 6 Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Channels ......................................................... 7 Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ........................................................ 7 P2X Receptors ....................................................................................... 7 SOCE and the TRP Gene Family ......................................................... 8 Mechanisms of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry ........................................... 8 Mechanisms to Lower Cytosolic Ca2+ .......................................................................... 8 PMCA Gene Family .............................................................................. 9 SERCA Gene Family ............................................................................. 9 NCX Gene Family ................................................................................ 9 NCKX Gene Family.............................................................................. 9 2. Monitoring Intracellular Ca2+ in Brain Slices with Fluorescent Indicators .................................................................. 12 Sean J. Mulligan and Brian A. MacVicar Ca2+ Sensitive Fluorescent Chemical Indicators ................................... 12 Single-Wavelength Probes ................................................................... 13 Dual-Wavelength Ratiometric Probes ................................................. 15 Ca2+ Binding Affinity .......................................................................... 16 Ca2+ Indicator Form ............................................................................ 18 Dextran Conjugates ............................................................................. 18 AM-Esters ........................................................................................... 20 Quantitative Measurement of [Ca2+]i .................................................. 21 3. A Brief History of Calcium Channel Discovery .................................... 27 Richard W. Tsien and Curtis F. Barrett The Key Role of Ca2+ Channels in Cellular Signaling .......................... 27 The Winding Road of Calcium Channel Discovery ............................ 30 The Diversity of Native Ca2+ Channel Currents .................................. 36 4. Biochemical Studies of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels .......................... 48 William A. Catterall Purification and Bioche_x000D_