Description
McGraw Hill Your Personal Coach For Physics - Heat And Waves 1St Edition by Tiwari, Shashi Bhushan
“Your Personal Coach Physics – Heat and Waves for JEE Main and Advanced” is aimed specifically at aspirants appearing for the JEE examination and has been prepared to enable mastery of the subject. This first edition comes with comprehensive theory, problems, illustrations and graphs to ensure that the readers strengthen their concepts while having enough problems for practice. With a judicious mix of conceptual, analytical and graphical methods, the aim is to cover all possible aspects of the topic in an easily understandable format.
KEY FEATURES
• The book contains comprehensive discussion on relevant principles of Physics and has derivations of all-important mathematical expressions. It even gives brief historical backgrounds at relevant places.
• The book has been divided into multiple small chapters so that one can focus on learning one thing at a time.
• Continuity and flow of the subject has been maintained throughout the text.
• Every little principle has been illustrated with solved examples.
• Every example starts with a heading named “Concepts”. This contains explanation of physical situation and gives the important physical principle involved.
• There are in - chapter exercises under the heading “Your Turn”.
• Difficult and tricky problems involving multiple principles and mathematical rigor have been given at the end of each chapter under the name “Miscellaneous Examples”.
• At regular intervals, the important points have been highlighted under the name “In Short”.
• There are 3 exercises at the end of each chapter giving MCQs with one correct answer, MCQs with one or more than one correct answers and subjective problems.
• After every few chapters there is a separate chapter on Miscellaneous Problems. This has Matrix Match type and Passage Based problems.
• Questions asked in JEE – Main and Advanced (erstwhile AIEEE and IIT JEE) from 2005 to 2018 (for chapters covered in the book) has been given at the end of the book.
• Detailed solution to all problems in the book has been given.
Preface vii
How to use this Book ix
Acknowledgements xi
1. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) 1.1–1.72
1. Introduction 1.1
2. Restoring Force and Oscillations 1.1
3. Definition of SHM 1.1
4. Equation of Motion in SHM 1.2
4.1 Terms in the Equation of SHM 1.3
Amplitude 1.3
Time Period, Frequency and
Angular Frequency 1.3
Phase 1.4
Phase Constant 1.4
4.2 Velocity and Acceleration as a
Function of Time 1.5
4.3 Differential Equation
and its Solution 1.6
Alternative Method 1.8
• Your Turn 1.10
5. SHM as Projection of Circular Motion 1.10
• Your Turn 1.12
6. Energy in SHM 1.12
• Your Turn 1.15
7. Oscillations in a Spring Block System 1.16
Energy Method 1.16
7.1 Vertical Spring Block System 1.17
Energy Method 1.17
• Your Turn 1.23
7.2 Two Blocks and a Spring 1.24
8. General Procedure for Finding Time
Period in Linear SHM 1.25
A Neat Method 1.26
• Your Turn 1.28
9. Angular SHM 1.29
Energy of Oscillation 1.29
10. Simple Pendulum 1.29
Simple pendulum as a linear
oscillator 1.30
10.1 Applying a Constant Force to a
Simple Pendulum 1.31
10.2 A Long Pendulum 1.32
• Your Turn 1.33
11. Physical Pendulum 1.33
• Your Turn 1.35
12. Torsional Pendulum 1.35
• Your Turn 1.36
13. SHM in Systems Involving Rotation
Plus Translation 1.36
Energy Method 1.37
Energy Method 1.39
Energy Method 1.40
• Your Turn 1.41
14. Damped Harmonic Oscillations 1.42
• Your Turn 1.43
15. Forced Oscillations 1.43
? Miscellaneous Examples 1.44
? Worksheet 1 1.58
? Worksheet 2 1.63
? Worksheet 3 1.66
? Answer Sheet 1.71
2. Miscellaneous Problems on
Chapter 1 2.1–2.9
Match the Column 2.1
Passage Based Problems 2.2
? Answer Sheet 2.9
3. Introduction to Waves and Transverse Wave 3.1–3.51
1. Introduction 3.1
2. Types of Waves 3.1
2.1 Transverse Wave 3.1
Longitudinal Wave 3.2
3. Wave Equation 3.2
• Your Turn 3.4
3.1 Differential Wave Equation 3.5
• Your Turn 3.5
3.2 Sinusoidal Wave Equation 3.6
3.2.1 Various Terms Associated with
a Sine Wave 3.6
3.2.2 Alternative Forms of Wave
Equation 3.7
3.2.3 Velocity of Particles of the
Medium 3.8
• Your Turn 3.11
4. Speed of Transverse Wave on a Stretched String 3.12
• Your Turn 3.15
5. Energy Transport in Wave Motion 3.15
5.1 Power Transfer in a Transverse
Wave on a String 3.16
5.2 Energy of Different Segments of
a String Carrying a Transverse Wave 3.16
5.3 Intensity due to a Point Source 3.17
• Your Turn 3.18
6. Superposition of Waves 3.19
7. Interference of Waves 3.20
7.1 Vector Method 3.21
7.2 Constructive and Destructive
Interference 3.21
7.3 Intensity of Resultant Wave 3.22
• Your Turn 3.24
7.4 Role of Path Difference in
Interference 3.24
• Your Turn 3.25
8. Reflection of Waves 3.25
9. Reflection and Transmission at the
Boundary of Two Media 3.26
• Your Turn 3.28
10. Standing Waves 3.29
10.1 Standing Wave on a String Fixed
at Both Ends 3.30
Fundamental Mode 3.31
First Overtone Mode 3.31
Second Overtone Mode 3.31
Frequency of Oscillation 3.31
10.2 Vibrations of a String Fixed
at One End 3.32
Fundamental Mode 3.32
First Overtone 3.32
Second Overtone 3.32
10.3 Resonance in a String Fixed
at Two Ends 3.32
• Your Turn 3.35
? Miscellaneous Examples 3.36
? Worksheet 1 3.41
? Worksheet 2 3.45
? Worksheet 3 3.48
? Answer Sheet 3.50
4. Longitudinal Waves – Sound 4.1–4.48
1. Introduction 4.1
2. Sound as a Pressure Wave 4.1
3. Speed of a Longitudinal Wave 4.2
3.1 Speed of Sound in a Gas 4.3
3.2 Effect of Temperature on
Speed of Sound 4.4
3.3 Effect of Humidity on
Speed of Sound 4.4
4. Energy Transport in Sound Wave 4.4
• Your Turn 4.8
5. Human Perception of Sound 4.8
5.1 Pitch 4.8
5.2 Quality (Timbre) 4.8
5.3 Loudness 4.8
• Your Turn 4.9
6. Echo and Reverberation 4.10
7. Interference of Sound 4.10
• Your Turn 12
8. Reflection of Sound 4.12
9. Standing Waves of Sound 4.13
9.1 Standing Wave in a Closed
Organ Pipe 4.13
Fundamental Mode 4.14
Overtones 4.14
9.2 Standing Waves in Open Organ Pipe 4.15
Fundamental Mode 4.15
Overtones 4.15
• Your Turn 4.16
9.3 Resonance Column Method for
Measuring
Speed of Sound 4.17
• Your Turn 4.18
10. Beats 4.18
• Your Turn 4.20
11. Doppler Effect 4.21
11.1 Source Stationary and
Observer Moving 4.21
11.2 Observer Stationary and
Source Moving 4.22
11.3 Source and Observer Both Moving 4.23
General formula for Doppler effect 4.23
Alternative Method 4.26
• Your Turn 4.27
? Miscellaneous Examples 4.28
? Worksheet 1 4.37
? Worksheet 2 4.41
? Worksheet 3 4.44
? Answer Sheet 4.47
5. Miscellaneous Problems on Chapters 3 and 4 5.1–5.7
Match the Column 5.1
Passage Based Problems 5.4
? Answer Sheet 5.7
6. Temperature, Thermal Expansion and Calorimetry 6.1–6.37
1. Introduction 6.1
2. Thermal Equilibrium 6.1
3. Thermometers and Temperature Scales 6.1
3.1 Liquid in Glass Thermometer,
Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales 6.2
• Your Turn 6.3
3.2 Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
and Ideal Gas Temperature Scale 6.3
3.2.1 Constant Volume Gas Thermometer 6.3
3.2.2 Triple Point of Water and the Kelvin Scale 6.4
• Your Turn 6.5
4. Thermal Expansion 6.6
4.1 Linear Expansion 6.6
4.1.1 Body With Cavity 6.7
4.1.2 Bimetallic Strip 6.7
Effect of Temperature on Pendulum-Based Clocks 6.7
Temperature-Compensated Pendulum 6.8
4.1.4 Thermal Stress 6.8
4.1.5 Measurement of Length and
Temperature 6.9
• Your Turn 6.11
4.2 Area Expansion or Superficial
Expansion 6.12
• Your Turn 6.12
4.3 Volume Expansion 6.13
Change in Density 6.13
Anomalous Expansion of Water 6.13
Apparent Expansion of Liquid 6.13
• Your Turn 6.15
5. Calorimetry 6.16
5.1 Unit of Heat and Mechanical
Equivalent of Heat 6.16
5.2 Specific Heat Capacity 6.16
• Your Turn 6.18
5.3 Molar Specific Heat Capacity 6.18
5.4 Water Equivalent 6.18
5.5 Phase Change and Latent Heat 6.18
Melting Point 6.18
Boiling Point 6.19
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion 6.19
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization 6.19
5.6 Heating Curve 6.19
• Your Turn 6.21
5.7 Principle of Calorimetry 6.21
• Your Turn 6.23
6. Evaporation and Boiling 6.23
7. Measuring Specific Heat Capacity in
Laboratory by Method of Mixtures 6.24
? Miscellaneous Examples 6.24
? Worksheet 1 6.29
? Worksheet 2 6.33
? Worksheet 3 6.35
? Answer Sheet 6.37
7. Heat Transfer 7.1–7.37
1. Introduction 7.1
2. Conduction of Heat 7.1
2.1 Steady State 7.1
2.2 Law of Thermal Conductivity 7.2
• Your Turn 7.5
2.3 Thermal Resistance 7.6
2.3.1 Series Combination of Resistances 7.7
2.3.2 Parallel Combination of Resistances 7.7
• Your Turn 7.10
3. Convection 7.10
• Your Turn 7.11
4. Growth of Ice in a Lake 7.11
• Your Turn 7.12
5. Radiation 7.13
5.1 Absorptive Power, Reflectance
and Transmittance 7.13
5.2 Prevost Theory of Exchange 7.13
5.3 Black Body 7.13
5.4 Stefan–Boltzmann Law 7.14
Rate of Heat Transfer When a
Body is in a Surrounding at a
Given Temperature 7.14
5.5 Kirchhoff’s Law 7.15
• Your Turn 7.17
6. Newton’s Law of Cooling 7.17
Alternate Method 7.18
• Your Turn 7.19
7. Spectrum of Thermal Radiation 7.20
• Your Turn 7.21
? Miscellaneous Examples 7.22
? Worksheet 1 7.27
? Worksheet 2 7.32
? Worksheet 3 7.34
? Answer Sheet 7.37
8. Miscellaneous Problems on Chapters 6 and 7 8.1–8.5
Match the Column 8.1
Passage Based Problems 8.2
? Answer Sheet 8.5
9. Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory 9.1–9.38
1. Introduction 9.1
2. Equation of State 9.1
3. Equation of State of an Ideal Gas 9.1
• Your Turn 9.2
4. Gas Laws 9.2
4.1 Boyle’s Law 9.3
4.2 Charles’ Law 9.3
4.3 Gay Lussac’s Law or
The Pressure Law 9.3
4.4 Avogadro’s Law 9.4
4.5 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure 9.4
• Your Turn 9.10
5. Kinetic Theory 9.11
5.1 Assumptions in Kinetic
Theory of Gases 9.11
• Your Turn 9.13
5.2 Pressure of an Ideal Gas 9.13
5.3 RMS Speed 9.14
5.4 RMS Speed in Terms of
Temperature 9.14
5.5 Kinetic Energy and Temperature 9.15
• Your Turn 9.16
6. The Distribution of Molecular
Velocities 9.17
6.1 Mean Speed 9.17
6.2 Most Probable Speed 9.18
• Your Turn 9.19
7. Diffusion 9.19
8. Mean Free Path 9.20
• Your Turn 9.21
9. Principle of Equipartition of
Energy 9.21
10. Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas 9.22
• Your Turn 9.23
11. Evaporation and Boiling 9.24
? Miscellaneous Examples 9.24
? Worksheet 1 9.29
? Worksheet 2 9.33
? Worksheet 3 9.35
? Answer Sheet 9.38
10. Thermodynamics 10.1–10.44
1. Introduction 10.1
2. Thermodynamic Systems 10.1
3. Thermal Equilibrium: The Zeroth Law 10.1
4. Work in a Volume Change 10.2
• Your Turn 10.4
5. Internal Energy as a Function of State 10.5
6. First Law of Thermodynamics 10.5
Sign Convention 10.5
7. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 10.5
• Your Turn 10.7
8. Specific Heat Capacity of Gases 10.8
8.1 Internal Energy and CV 10.9
8.2 CP is Greater than CV 10.9
• Your Turn 10.12
9. Isothermal Process 10.12
Work in an Isothermal Process 10.12
10. Adiabatic Process 10.13
10.1 Adiabatic Process Equation 10.13
10.2 Work Done and Change in Internal
Energy in an Adiabatic Process 10.13
10.3 Slope of an Adiabatic Curve 10.13
• Your Turn 10.16
11. Free Expansion 10.17
12. Polytropic Process 10.18
12.1 Work Done in Polytropic Process 10.18
12.2 Molar Specific Heat in Polytropic
Process 10.18
• Your Turn 10.19
13. Efficiency of a Thermodynamic Cycle 10.19
• Your Turn 10.20
14. Heat Engines 10.21
15. Refrigerator 10.21
• Your Turn 10.22
16. The Carnot Cycle 10.22
Carnot’s Theorem 10.23
• Your Turn 10.23
17. Thermodynamic Temperature 10.24
18. The Second Law of
Thermodynamics 10.24
The Kelvin-Planck Statement of
the Second Law 10.24
The Clausius Statement of the
Second Law 10.24
• Your Turn 10.25
? Miscellaneous Examples 10.25
? Worksheet 1 10.33
? Worksheet 2 10.37
? Worksheet 3 10.39
? Answer Sheet 10.43
11. Miscellaneous Problems on Chapters 9 and 10 11.1–11.8
Match the Column 11.1
Passage Based Problems 11.3
? Answer Sheet 11.8
12. Previous Years’ JEE Questions 12.1–12.28
Simple Harmonic Motion 12.1
AIEEE/JEE Main Questions 12.1
IIT JEE/JEE Advanced Questions 12.2
? Passage Based Problems 12.3
Wave Motion 12.5
AIEEE/JEE Main Questions 12.5
IIT JEE/JEE Advanced Questions 12.7
Calorimetry and Thermal Expansion 12.11
IIT JEE/JEE Advanced Questions 12.12
Kinetic Theory of Gases 12.13
AIEEE/JEE Main Questions 12.13
IIT JEE/JEE Advanced Questions 12.15
Heat Transfer 12.15
AIEEE/JEE Main Questions 12.15
IIT JEE/JEE Advanced Questions 12.17
Thermodynamics 12.19
AIEEE/JEE Main Questions 12.19
IIT JEE/JEE Advanced Questions 12.22
? Answer Sheet 12.28
Solutions S.1–S.175