Description
Taylor & Francis Encyclopedia of Natural Resources - Land - Volume I 2014 Edition by Yeqiao Wang
With unprecedented attention on global change, the current debate revolves around the availability and sustainability of natural resources and how to achieve equilibrium between what society demands from natural environments and what the natural resource base can provide. A full understanding of the range of issues, from the consequences of the changing resource bases to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life, is crucial to the process of developing solutions to this complex challenge.Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources provides an authoritative reference on a broad spectrum of topics such as the forcing factors and habitats of life; their histories, current status, and future trends; and their societal connections, economic values, and management. The content presents state-of-the-art science and technology development and perspectives of resource management. Written and designed with a broad audience in mind, the entries clearly elucidate the issues for readers at all levels without sacrificing the scientific rigor required by professionals in the field.Volume I - Land includes 98 entries that cover the topical areas of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as forest and vegetative; soil; terrestrial coastal and inland wetlands; landscape structure and function and change; biological diversity; ecosystem services, protected areas, and management; natural resource economics; and resource security and sustainability. Natural resources represent such a broad scope of complex and challenging topics that a reference book must cover a vast number of subjects in order to be titled an encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources does just that. The topics covered help you face current and future issues in the maintenance of clean air and water as well as the preservation of land resources and native biodiversity.Also Available OnlineThis Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including:Citation tracking and alertsActive reference linkingSaved searches and marked listsHTML and PDF format optionsContact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages.US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) e-reference@taylorandfrancis.comInternational: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) online.sales@tandf.co.uk Table of contents :- Volume I LANDAgriculture: Organic, John P. Reganold and Jonathan M. WachterAlbedo, Endre DobosAltitudinal Belts: Global Mountains, Patterns and Mechanisms, Baiping Zhang and Fang ZhaoBiodegradation and Bioremediation, Owen P. Ward and Ajay SinghBiodiversity: Agriculture, Deborah StinnerBiodiversity: Climate Change, Lisa Freudenberger and Jan Hanning SommerBiodiversity: Conservation, Nigel E. StorkBiodiversity: Habitat Suitability, Betty J. KreakieBiodiversity: Tropical Agroforestry, Thomas P. HusbandBiodiversity: Values, David EhrenfeldBiomes, Paul Reich and Hari EswaranBoreal Forests: Climate Change, Pertti HariCoastal Environments: Remote Sensing, Yeqiao WangCoastal Erosion and Shoreline Change, Matthew L. StutzCommunity Forestry: Sustainability and Equity Issues, Bill BuffumConserved Lands: Stewardship, Peter August, Janet Coit and David GreggDesertification, Uriel N. SafrielDiversity: Species, Jeffrey D. Corbin and Brittany L. OakesEcological and Evolutionary Processes, Roland C. de Gouvenain and Gopalasamy Reuben ClementsEcological Security: Land Use Pattern and Simulation Modeling, Xun Shi and Qingsheng YangEcology: Functions, Patterns, and Evolution, Fernando ValladaresEcosystem Services: Evaluation, James BoydEcosystem Services: Land Systems Approach, Richard AspinallEcosystem Services: Pollinators and Pollination, Victoria A. WojcikEcosystems: Diversity, L.M. ChuEcosystems: Forest Nutrient Cycling, Neil W. Foster and Jagtar S. BhattiEcosystems: Functions and Services, Robert CostanzaEcosystems: Soil Animal Functioning, Alan J. FranzluebbersEcotone, Finn C. Pillsbury and Debra P.C. PetersEdge Effects on Wildlife, Peter W.C. PatonEnvironmental Goods and Services: Economic and Non-Economic Methods for Valuing, Daniel E. CampbellExotic and Invasive Species, Jan Pergl and Petr PysekFires: Wildland, Jian YangForests: Temperate Evergreen and Deciduous, Lindsay M. Dreiss and John C. VolinForests: Tropical Rain, Richard T. CorlettFragmentation and Isolation, Anne KuhnGenetic Diversity in Natural Resources Management, Thomas Joseph McGreevy, Jr. and Jeffrey A. MarkertGenetic Resources Conservation: Ex Situ, Mary T. BurkeGenetic Resources Conservation: In Situ, V. Arivudai Nambi and L. R. GopinathGenetic Resources: Farmer Conservation and Crop Management, Daniela Soleri and David A. ClevelandGenetic Resources: Seeds Conservation, Florent EngelmannHerbicide-Resistant Crops: Impact, Micheal D. K. OwenHerbicide-Resistant Weeds, Carol Mallory-SmithHerbicides in the Environment, Kim A. Anderson and Jennifer L. SchaefferInsects: Economic Impact, David PimentelInsects: Flower and Fruit Feeding, Antonio R. PanizziIntegrated Pest Management, Marcos KoganKeystone and Indicator Species, Barry R. NoonLand Capability Analysis, Michael J. SingerLand Capability Classification, Thomas E. FentonLand Change and Water Resource Vulnerability, Gargi ChaudhuriLand Plants: Origin and Evolution, Elizabeth R. WatersLand Surface Temperature: Remote Sensing, Yunyue Yu, Jeffrey P. Privette, Yuling Liu, and Donglian SunLandscape Connectivity and Ecological Effects, Marines de la Pena-Domene and Emily S. MinorLandscape Dynamics, Disturbance, and Succession, Hong S. HeLand-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC), Burak GuneralpLeaves: Elevated CO2 Levels, G. Brett Runion, Seth G. Pritchard, and Stephen A. PriorMangrove Forests, Ariel E. Lugo and Ernesto MedinaMarshes: Salt and Brackish, Sally D. HackerNet Ecosystem Production (NEP), Mark E. HarmonNitrogen Fixation: Biological, Robert H. BurrisOzone: Crop Yield and Quality Effects, Hakan PleijelPeatlands, Dale H. Vitt and Paul ShortPlant Breeding: Global, Manjit S. KangPopulation Genetics, Michael T. CleggProtected Area Management, Tony Prato and Daniel B. FagreProtected Areas: Remote Sensing, Yeqiao WangRiver Delta Processes and Shapes, Douglas A. Edmonds and Rebecca L. CaldwellSavannas and Grasslands, Niti B. Mishra and Kenneth R. YoungSoil Carbon and Nitrogen (C/N) Cycling, Sylvie M. Brouder and Ronald F. TurcoSoil Degradation: Food Security, Michael A. Zoebisch and Eddy De PauwSoil Degradation: Global Assessment, Selim Kapur and Erhan AkcaSoil: Erosion Assessment, John BoardmanSoil: Evaporation, William P. KustasSoil: Fauna, Mary C. SavinSoil: Fertility and Nutrient Management, John L. HavlinSoil: Organic Matter, R. LalSoil: Organic Matter and Available Water Capacity, T.G. HuntingtonSoil: Spatial Variability, Josef H. GoerresSoil: Taxonomy, Mark H. StoltSustainability and Sustainable Development, Alan D. Hecht and Joseph FikselSustainable Agriculture: Social Aspects, Frederick H. ButtelTranspiration, Thomas R. SinclairTranspiration: Water Use Efficiency, Miranda Y. MortlockUrban Environments: Remote Sensing, Xiaojun YangVernal Pool, Peter W.C. PatonWater Deficits: Development, Kadambot H. M. Siddique and Helen BramleyWeeds: Seed Banks and Seed Dormancy, Lynn FandrichWetlands, Ralph W. TinerWetlands: Biodiversity, Jean-Claude Lefeuvre and Virginie BouchardWetlands: Classification, Arnold G. van der ValkWetlands: Coastal, InSAR Mapping, Zhong Lu, Jinwoo Kim, and C.K. ShumWetlands: Economic Value, Gayatri AcharyaWetlands: Ecosystems, Sherri DeFauwWetlands: Freshwater, Brij GopalWetlands: Remote Sensing, Niti B. MishraWetlands: Tidal, William H. Conner, Ken W. Krauss, Andrew H. Baldwin, and Stephen HutchinsonVolume II - Water and Air WATERCoastal IssuesArctic Oscillation, Jinping ZhaoClimate Change: Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Jennifer P. Jorve, Rebecca L. Kordas, Kathryn M. Anderson, Jocelyn C. Nelson, Manon Picard, and Christopher D.G. HarleyClimate Change: Polar Regions, Roger G. BarryBenthic ResourcesAqua-Forests and Aqua-Forestry: Africa, Gordon N. Ajonina and M. Tomedi EyangoArchaeological Oceanography, Michael L. Brennan and Robert D. BallardBathymetry: Assessment, Heidi M. Dierssen and Albert E. Theberge, Jr.Bathymetry: Features and Hypsography, Heidi M. Dierssen and Albert E. Theberge, Jr.Bathymetry: Seafloor Mapping History, Heidi M. Dierssen and Albert E. Theberge, Jr.Coral Reef: Biology and History, Graham E. ForresterCoral Reef: Ecology and Conservation, Graham E. ForresterMarine Benthic Productivity, Bayden D. Russell and Sean D. ConnellMarine Mammals, Kathleen J. Vigness-RaposaMarine Protected Areas, Jennifer CaselleMarine Resource Management, Richard BurroughsMaritime Transportation and Ports, Austin BeckerMarkets, Trade, and Seafood, Frank Asche, Cathy A. Roheim, and Martin D. SmithSubmerged Aquatic Vegetation: Seagrasses, Alyssa Novak and Frederick T. ShortCoastal ResourcesAqua-Forests and Aqua-Forestry: Africa, Gordon N. Ajonina and M. Tomedi EyangoCoastal and Estuarine Waters: Light Behavior, Darryl J. KeithCoastal and Estuarine Waters: Optical Sensors and Remote Sensing, Darryl J. KeithCoastal Environments, Yuanzhi Zhang and Jinrong HuCoastal Environments: Remote Sensing, Yeqiao WangCoastal Erosion and Shoreline Change, Matthew L. StutzCoastal Natural Disasters: Tsunamis on the Sanriku Coast, Takehiko TakanoMangrove Forests, Ariel E. Lugo and Ernesto MedinaMarkets, Trade, and Seafood, Frank Asche, Cathy A. Roheim, and Martin D. SmithMarshes: Salt and Brackish, Sally D. HackerRiver Delta Processes and Shapes, Douglas A. Edmonds and Rebecca L. CaldwellTourism Management: Marine and Coastal Recreation, C. Michael HallWetlands: Tidal, William H. Conner, Ken W. Krauss, Andrew H. Baldwin, and Stephen HutchinsonFreshwaterAquifers: Groundwater Storage, Thomas J. BurbeyAquifers: Recharge, John Nimmo, David A. Stonestrom, and Richard W. HealyArctic Hydrology, Bretton Somers and H. Jesse WalkerArtificial Reservoirs: Land Cover Change on Local Climate, Faisal Hossain and Ahmed M. DeguClimate Change: Polar Regions, Roger G. BarryDrainage and Water Quality, James L. BakerEndorheic Lake Dynamics: Remote Sensing, Yongwei ShengEutrophication, Kyle D. Hoagland and Thomas G. FrantiEvaporation and Energy Balance, Matthias LangensiepenEvaporation: Lakes and Large Bodies of Water, John BorrelliField Water Supply and Balance, Jean L. SteinerFloods: Riverine, William Saunders, Alison MacNeil, and Edward CaponeWater Storage: Atmospheric, Forrest M. Mims IIIHydrologyFloods: Riverine, William Saunders, Alison MacNeil, and Edward CaponeHydrologic Cycle, John Van BrahanaHydrologic Modeling of Extreme Events, Jazuri Abdullah, Jaehoon Kim, and Pierre Y. JulienHydrology: Environmental, Thomas BovingHydrology: Urban, C. Rhett JacksonImpervious Surface Area: Effects, Carl L. Zimmerman and Daniel L. CivcoLand-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC), Burak GuneralpStreams: Perennial and Seasonal, Daniel von Schiller, Vicenc Acuna, and Sergi SabaterSurface Water: Nitrogen Enrichment, Tim P. Burt and Penny E. WiddisonSurface Water: Nitrogen Fertilizer Pollution, Gregory McIsaacWater Quality and Monitoring, John C. ClausenWatershed Hydrology and Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC), Yuyu ZhouMarine IssuesAquaculture, Carrie J. ByronArchaeological Oceanography, Michael L. Brennan and Robert D. BallardArctic Oscillation, Jinping ZhaoBathymetry: Assessment, Heidi M. Dierssen and Albert E. Theberge, Jr.Bathymetry: Features and Hypsography, Heidi M. Dierssen and Albert E. Theberge, Jr.Bathymetry: Seafloor Mapping History, Heidi M. Dierssen and Albert E. Theberge, Jr.Climate Change: Polar Regions, Roger G. BarryCoral Reef: Biology and History, Graham E. ForresterCoral Reef: Ecology and Conservation, Graham E. ForresterEl Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation, Felicity S. Graham and Jaclyn N. BrownFisheries: Conservation and Management, Steven X. CadrinWater Cycle: Ocean's Role, Don P. ChambersWater Storage: Atmospheric, Forrest M. Mims IIICoastal EnvironmentClimate Change: Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Jennifer P. Jorve, Rebecca L. Kordas, Kathryn M. Anderson, Jocelyn C. Nelson, Manon Picard, and Christopher D.G. HarleyCoastal and Estuarine Waters: Light Behavior, Darryl J. KeithCoastal and Estuarine Waters: Optical Sensors and Remote Sensing, Darryl J. KeithCoastal Environments, Yuanzhi Zhang and Jinrong HuCoastal Environments: Remote Sensing, Yeqiao WangCoastal Erosion and Shoreline Change, Matthew L. StutzCoastal Natural Disasters: Tsunamis on the Sanriku Coast, Takehiko TakanoMarine ResourcesMarine Benthic Productivity, Bayden D. Russell and Sean D. ConnellMarine Mammals, Kathleen J. Vigness-RaposaMarine Protected Areas, Jennifer CaselleMarine Resource Management, Richard BurroughsMaritime Transportation and Ports, Austin BeckerMarkets, Trade, and Seafood, Frank Asche, Cathy A. Roheim, and Martin D. SmithSubmerged Aquatic Vegetation: Seagrasses, Alyssa Novak and Frederick T. ShortAIRAtmosphereAir Pollutants: Elevated Carbon Dioxide, Hans-Joachim Weigel and Jurgen BenderArctic Oscillation, Jinping ZhaoAtmospheric Acid Deposition, Gene E. Likens and Thomas J. ButlerAtmospheric Circulation: General, Thomas N. Chase and David NooneCirculation Patterns: Atmospheric and Oceanic, Marcia Glaze WyattCrops and the Atmosphere: Trace Gas Exchanges, Jurgen Kreuzwieser and Heinz RennenbergOcean--Atmosphere Interactions, Vasubandhu MisraWater Storage: Atmospheric, Forrest M. Mims IIIClimateAgroclimatology, Dev Niyogi and Olivia KellnerArctic Oscillation, Jinping ZhaoArtificial Reservoirs: Land Cover Change on Local Climate, Faisal Hossain and Ahmed M. DeguBoreal Forests: Climate Change, Pertti HariClimate Change, Robert L. WilbyClimate Change: Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Jennifer P. Jorve, Rebecca L. Kordas, Kathryn M. Anderson, Jocelyn C. Nelson, Manon Picard, and Christopher D.G. HarleyClimate Change: Polar Regions, Roger G. BarryClimate: Classification, Long S. ChiuClimate: Extreme Events, Philip SuraClimatology, Jill S.M. ColemanClimatology: Moist Enthalpy and Long-Term Anomaly Trends, Souleymane Fall, Roger A. Pielke, Sr., Dev Niyogi, and Gilbert L. RochonEl Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation, Felicity S. Graham and Jaclyn N. BrownMeteorologyAcid Rain and Nitrogen Deposition, George F. VanceAcid Rain and Precipitation Chemistry, Pao K. WangAsian Monsoon, Congbin FuDew Point Temperature, John S. RobertsDrought: Management, Donald A. Wilhite and Michael J. HayesDrought: Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Moisture, Joshua B. Fisher and Konstantinos M. AndreadisDrought: Resistance, Graeme C. Wright and Nageswararao C. RachaputiEl Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation, Felicity S. Graham and Jaclyn N. BrownFronts, Jesse Norris and David M. SchultzLand--Atmosphere Interactions, Somnath Baidya Roy and Deeksha RastogiMeteorology: Tropical, Zhuo WangOzone and Ozone Depletion, Jason YangTranspiration and Physical Evaporation: United States Variability, Toshihisa Matsui and David M. MockoTropical Cyclones, Patrick J. FitzpatrickUrban Heat Islands, James A. VoogtWater Storage: Atmospheric, Forrest M. Mims IIIWind Speed Probability Distribution, Adam H. Monahanshow more